加拿大代写论文：雇佣关系

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加拿大代写论文：雇佣关系

传统的行业关系定义是由系统的角度给出的，它包含规则研究和随时间变化的变化。然而，用更简单的话来说，这是对集体和个人层面雇员和雇主之间存在的雇佣关系监管的研究。从这个角度看，就业关系决定了行业，组织和各级工作场所的实质性问题和程序问题。这种关系是一种交换关系，其中区分两个变量的特征在于市场与管理关系的关系。交流是基于几个因素，如涉及学习和社会化的未来前景，不确定性是矛盾的，过去的剥削，不确定和一致。即使就业关系研究侧重于工作调节，也考虑到经济和社会对资本相对权力的影响以及雇主与组织的相互作用。就业关系中的研究分支处理任何两个或两个以上国家之间的雇佣关系的描述和系统分析，被称为比较雇佣关系。

从这个角度以及比较雇佣关系的重要性来看，这个定义本身就已经形成了。本文的目的主要是集中研究比较雇佣关系研究是否是一个辩护的愿望，但最终是一个不可能的成就？这篇文章已经在文章中讨论了与比较雇佣关系研究可能具有的优势和问题相关的问题。为此，本文对比较雇佣关系研究的例子进行了讨论，特别是为了说明本文的主要焦点论点。

加拿大代写论文：雇佣关系

The conventional definition of relation in industries is given by that systematic perspective which incorporates the rule study and the variation that is present with time. In more simpler words, however, it can be said that it is a study of employment relationship regulation that is present between employees and employers at a collective level and an individual level. From this perspective, an employment relation determines the substantive issues and the issues of procedures in industries, organizations and levels of work places. This relationship is a relationship of exchange where the feature that distinguishes both variables involved lies in the relations of market and the relations of management. The exchange is based on several factors such as future prospects involving to learn and to socialize, indeterminate being contradicting in nature, exploitation in the past, not being determined and consistent. Even though the employment relations study holds its focus over work regulation, it also takes consideration of the influences that economy and society have over capital relative power and the employers interactions with the organization collectively. The branch of study within employment relations that deals with description and systematic analysis of employment relations between any two or more countries is known as comparative employment relations.

From this perspective and the importance of comparative employment relations evident from the definition itself, this essay has been created. The purpose of this paper mainly is to focus on whether or not comparative employment relations research is a defensible aspiration but ultimately an impossible achievement? This statement has been discussed in the paper with relevance to advantages and issues that comparative employment relations research may have. In order to do so, comparative employment relations research examples have been discussed especially for illustrating the main focus arguments in this essay.

论文代写：酒店的环境因素

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论文代写：酒店的环境因素

内部商业环境包括酒店内部对商业活动的方法和繁荣有影响的因素（Kaplan，R. S.，and Norton，D. P. 2008）。四季酒店以外的各种外部环境一般都没有太多的指挥。控制内部商业活动的活力，并确定与商业运营以外相关的潜在开放和风险是成功业务的核心（Hartlen，B.2004）。

组织领导

组织方向的责任是一个至关重要的内部业务方面。组织领导方式和其他公司管理方式有组织文化的影响（Edwards，M和Ewen，A，2004）。沟通的表现，社交性的建设性或非建设性以及人员的重要性是源于领导方式的文化成果。公司一般都提供正式的结构方向和前卫的陈述。这些是为公司偏好和运营提供业务的使命和愿景声明（Vecchio，R. P. 2004）。

文化与策略

两个义务是发展一个高绩效企业必不可少的一个强大的商业策略和明确的愿景管理的文化。商业战略是一个实现特定目标的广泛的游戏计划（Lu，M.L。等，2009）。酒店业务战略的目标是协助其实现愿景和使命。管理人员必须通过执行游戏计划来跟踪业务策略。此外，重复监督业务策略和分析策略是重要的，关键绩效指标可以保证酒店在内部和外部的环境中保持响应和顺应变革（Vecchio，R.P.2004）。

论文代写：酒店的环境因素

The internal business environment comprises elements within the hotel that have an influence on the approach and prosperity of business activities (Kaplan, R. S., and Norton, D. P. 2008). The external environment comprised of an assortment of aspects outside of Four Seasons Hotel that it generally do not have much command over. Controlling the vitality of internal business activities and determining prospective openings and risks associated outside of business operations is core to successful business (Hartlen, B. 2004).

Organizational Leadership

The responsibility of organizational direction is a vital internal business aspect. Organizational leadership approach and the approaches of other company administration have an influence of organizational culture (Edwards, M and Ewen, A, 2004). The performance of communication, constructive or unconstructive nature of sociability and significance of personnel are cultural outcomes that stem from leadership manners. Firms generally offer formal structure direction with avant-garde statements. These are mission and vision statements that supply the business for company preferences and operations (Vecchio, R. P. 2004).

Culture & Strategy

Two obligations are essential for developing a high performance firm—a powerful business tactic and a clear vision-governed culture. A business strategy is an extensive game plan to attain a specific target (Lu, M. L., et. al. 2009). The objective of hotel’s business strategy is to assist it in attaining the vision and mission. Managerial staff must keep on track with business strategies through executing game plan. Moreover, it is significant to supervise business strategy and analyse tactics recurrently and key performance indicators to take care the hotel stays responsive and compliant to transformation in its internal and external environment (Vecchio, R. P. 2004).

加拿大论文代写：公司内部冲突

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加拿大论文代写：公司内部冲突

一个人内部的冲突：约翰正在遭受自己的价值和目标相关的冲突。他不能在组织中扮演他所分配的角色，因为他们没有用自己的价值观和信念来证实（Einarsen，2010）。

ii）工作方式冲突：约翰和塔尼亚有不同的工作方式，尽管他们彼此依赖履行职责。每个人都有自己的风格与自己的需求和个性（Afzalur拉希姆，2001年）。因此，约翰没有发现塔尼亚编写的报告值得纳入他的工作。

iii）沟通不畅：当塔尼亚和约翰两人处于相互冲突的状况时，只采取非正式措施解决问题，但没有采取正式的措施，因此对双方都有约束力。

iv）竞争：John与Tania发生个人竞争性的冲突，甚至是不健康的。两人之间的竞争管理不善，导致约翰侮辱塔尼亚和塔尼亚对此作出反应，因此造成了组织中的敌对工作环境。它不鼓励团队合作，推动组织中的个人主义（Dipboye，2013）。

约翰和塔尼亚之间的冲突的其他原因包括权力不平衡，性别偏见和高度情绪失能等。情绪不稳定性也可以用沃尔夫冈告诉我说约翰指的是与医生有关的工作有关的问题，因工作压力过大而离开。

加拿大论文代写：公司内部冲突

Major issues in the conflict:

i)Conflict within an individual: John is suffering from his own value and goals related conflicts. He is not able to play the role assigned to him in an organization as they do not confirm with his own values and beliefs (Einarsen, 2010).

ii)Working styles conflict: John and Tania have different working styles though both are dependent on each other for performing their duties. Each individual has its own style of working with own needs and personality (Afzalur Rahim, 2001). Thus John did not find e reports prepared by Tania worth for including in his work.

iii)Poor communication: When both Tania and John were in conflicting situation only informal steps were taken for resolving them but no formal step was taken so that it would have been binding on both of them to follow.

iv)Competition: John was having personal competitive conflict with Tania that was even unhealthy. The competition between the two was not managed properly that resulted in John insulting Tania and Tania reacting towards it due to which a hostile working environment was created in the organization.  It discouraged teamwork and promoted individualism in the organization (Dipboye, 2013).

The other causes of conflict between John and Tania include power imbalances, gender biasness and high emotional disability etc. emotional instability can also be judged with an instance from the case that Wolfgang told me that John was referring a doctor for work related problems and may consider leaves due to excessive workplace stress.

加拿大媒体学论文代写：社交媒体

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加拿大媒体学论文代写：社交媒体

社交媒体和社交网站在个人和职业生活中都带来了交流方式的巨大变化。通过使用在线Web界面进行通信，人们可以通过不同的社交网络进行交互，达到不同的目的。在当今社会，社交媒体已成为各种活动的平台，其中最重要的是招聘选拔过程。 Facebook，LinkedIn和Twitter等常用的社交网站是LinkedIn领先的网站。从传统的招聘实践中选出最适合自己要求的候选人，以及雇主为了理解公司文化而吸引和聘用候选人的过程，品牌价值和其他机会已经彻底改变了人们的生活方式在社会上。通过社交媒体，雇主正在寻找不同的方式与正确的候选人联系。今天的一代利用这些社交网站的存在，使他们的存在感觉在线界面。每一次更新都会立即在这些网站上进行上传，并通过连接进行评论。这已经成为今天这一代人的瘾，而且这方面也被公司所利用。很多通过正式会议无法获得的信息是通过评估这些网站得到的。申请人在简历中提供的信息也可以通过这些网站进行交叉检查。然而，社交媒体带来了自己的挑战，也给雇主带来了不同的机会。有了这么多的发展和变化的趋势，我支持使用媒体作为选择工具。

加拿大媒体学论文代写：社交媒体

Social media and the social networking websites have brought about a drastic change in the means of communication, both in personal as well as in professional life. The use of online web interfaces for communication enables people to interact through different social networks for different purposes. In today’s modern society, the social media has become a platform for various activities and the most important among them being recruitment and selection process. The commonly used social networking sites such as Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter are the leading sites with LinkedIn on the top. From the traditional recruitment practices where the candidates are selected form a group who matches their requirement best to the process in which the candidates are attracted and engaged by the employer in understanding of the company culture, brand value and other opportunities has revolutionized the ways of living in the society. Through social media, the employers are finding different ways to connect with the right candidates. Today’s generation exploits the presence of these social networking sites to make their presence felt in the online interface. Every update is instantly uploaded op on such sites and the comments by the connections flows in. it has become an addiction for today’s generation and this aspect is exploited by the companies. A lot of information which cannot be got through formal meeting is got through assessing such sites. The information given by the applicant in the resumes can also be cross checked through these sites. However, social media comes with its own challenges as well as different opportunities for the employer. With so many developments and the changing trends, I support the use of media as a selection tool.

代写essay：商业外部性研究

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代写essay：商业外部性研究

在一个企业中，有几个因素会影响那些不直接参与个人，公司或家庭的消费生产和投资决策的人。间接影响可能微不足道或可能干扰消费和生产。这些被经济学家称为外部性。它可以是生产或消费的成本或收益，但不影响生产者或消费者，而是落在不参与生产或消费的人身上。 （McTaggart.D. Findlay.C.Parkin.M Economics）。由于间接影响并不影响定价，而只影响他人的消费和生产机会，因此私人收益与公共收益之间存在差异。外部性可能是负面的或正面的。政府对经济领域的干预是由于外部性的盛行。有两种外部性：负面和正面的外部性。负外部性使得外部成本和正外部性成为外部效益。

负面的外部性

对没有进入市场并且没有给予适当补偿的第三方实施外部成本被称为负外部性。这包括消极的生产外部性和负面的消费外部性。在日常生活中，可以注意到许多负面消费外部性的例子。例如吸烟，嘈杂的人群等。负面生产外部性的例子是污染，飞机噪音等。公共垃圾清理的外部成本也是一个例子。负消费外部性的经济学可以从私人边际成本（PMC）和社会边际成本（SMC）的经济学角度来考虑（Krabbe等，1992）。

代写essay：商业外部性研究

In a business there are several factors which affect people who are not directly involved in the consumption production and investment decisions of individuals, firms or household. The indirect effects may be insignificant or can be interfering in the consumption and production. These are called as externalities by the economists. It can be a cost or a benefit from production or consumption but does not affect the producer or the consumer instead falls on someone who is not involved in production or consumption. (McTaggart.D. Findlay.C. Parkin.M Economics). As the indirect effect does not have an impact on the pricing but only on the consumption and production opportunities of others, there is a difference between private returns and public returns. Externality may be negative or positive. The need for government interference in the economic sphere is due to the prevalence of externalities. There are two types of externalities: negative and positive externality. A negative externality imposes external cost and positive externality an external benefit.

Negative Externalities

Imposing external cost on third parties who are not in the market and not paying appropriate compensation is referred as negative externality. This includes negative production externalities and negative consumption externalities. In the day to day life, many examples of negative consumption externalities can be noticed. For example smoking, noisy crowd, etc. Examples for negative production externality are pollution, noise from aircraft etc. The external cost of public litter cleaning is also an example.  The economics of negative consumption externality can be put in economic terms as private marginal cost (PMC) and social marginal cost (SMC) (Krabbe et al, 1992).

加拿大代写report：股东周年大会

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加拿大代写report：股东周年大会

根据“2001年公司法”现行立法，公开上市公司在公历年度至少举行一次年度股东大会，并在宣布其年度财务业绩后的五个月内举行一次。公众公司也必须在注册18个月后举行股东大会。不遵守这些立法可能会对公司及其董事采取严格的刑事行动。如果该公司适用于澳大利亚证券和投资委员会（ASIC），该法律还延长了举行股东周年大会的时间。这项规定对需要更多时间召开股东周年大会的公司是有利的，但是可能会出于股东之间的种种原因提出质疑。除年内举行的任何其他会议外，股东周年大会必须每年永久举行。但是，如果上市公司只有一个成员，则不需要举行股东大会。

南英保险有限公司寻求由法院认真及时的干预，由于某些少数股东的不当行为而导致股东大会的业务进行意见，最终导致大股东的投票权被剥夺。法院承认，股东周年大会的举行是一个重要的事件，每年一次的全体股东有权会见董事，质疑公司的行为或未来的投资决定，董事的提名以及公司活动的所有相关事宜。法院接受认罪，承认这是一件严重的事情，紧急情况很明显，之后下令公司两天后以适当有序的方式举行股东周年大会。法院还通过阐述股东与董事会议的重要性，并超越公司法定要求举行股东周年大会，认为股东大会的重要性。然而，支持法庭干预的证据也必须足够强大。

加拿大代写report：股东周年大会

According to the current legislation under Corporations Act 2001, a public listed company is to hold an AGM at least once in a calendar year and once in 5 months after declaring its annual financial results. A public company must also hold an AGM after 18 months of registration. Non-adherence to these legislations may follow a strict criminal action towards the company and its directors. The legislation also offers an extension of time for holding the AGM if the company applies to the Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC). This provision is good for companies requiring more time to hold AGM, but it may raise a question for various reasons among shareholders. The AGM must be held permanently every year in addition to any other meeting held during the year. However, if a public listed company has only one member, it is not required to hold an AGM.

The South British Insurance Company Ltd sought a serious and immediate intervention from the court to advice on the conduct of the business of AGM, due to misconduct of certain minority shareholders which eventually deprived the majority shareholders of their right to vote. The court admitted that the conduct of the AGM is an important event, in which once a year all shareholders have the right to meet the Directors and question the companies conduct or future investment decisions, Directors nomination and all related matters of the company’s activity. The court accepted the plea and admitted that it was a serious matter and urgency was apparent, following which it ordered the company to hold the AGM two days later in a properly and orderly manner. The court also held the importance of the AGM by stating the importance of shareholders meeting with the Directors over and above the statutory requirements of the company to hold the AGM. However, it is also important that the evidence to support intervention from the court must be strong enough.

 

加拿大代写论文：女性角色

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加拿大代写论文：女性角色

选择了在当前的文章提出了精神分析的分析是“小事”的Susan Glaspell，一个二十世纪初的作者。

本文是对相互作用和精神分析发挥生活状况的性别动态的批判和人们如何作出反应。

假设陈述是，女性对生活情境的理解比男性更敏锐。

研究问题主要集中在分析的历史方法上。历史的观点已经被采纳，因为即使在那些妇女被限制在背景中，被认为在男人的问题上没有任何发言权的时代。妇女只能被看到，而不是被听到。

她们被赋予了妻子和母亲的地位，并在日常生活中扮演她们的角色。人们不期望他们有任何值得考虑的意见，更不用说被男人接受了。当男人讨论国家和县的进口事务时，妇女往往不得不退到后台。

女人们（通常是男人）不相信自己有足够的头脑，也不可能有潜力去对付男人。在这种背景下，戏剧的背景是一群妇女对一个特定的情况进行评估，并在他们开始了解情况之前很久就作出自己的判断。所有这一切都是在男人和女人离开的时候完成的，给他们的印象是，男人确实是他们自称的伟大大脑。生活中的女性角色沾沾自喜的接受似乎已经通过长期的年龄，这就是本文试图描绘。

加拿大代写论文：女性角色

The selection being taken up for the psychoanalytical analysis presented in the current essay is ‘Trifles’ by Susan Glaspell, an author of the early twentieth century.

The current essay is a critique on the gender dynamics of interactions and psychoanalytical play of life situations and how people react to them.

The hypothesis statement is that women are much more perceptive in their understanding of life situations than men.

The research questions focused on the historical approach to the analysis. The historical perspective has been taken up because even in those times where women were confined to the background and were presumed to not have any say in the ‘matters of men’. Women were expected to be only seen and not heard.

They were given the position of wives and mothers and perform their roles in their everyday positions. They are not expected to have any opinion worth being considered let alone being accepted by the men. Women often had to literally recede into the background when men discussed import affairs of the country and the county.

The women were not believed [generally by the men] to have enough brains nor thinking potential to be able to hold their own against the men. Against this background is the setting of the play wherein a group of women assess a particular situation and give their own verdict long before any of the men even begins to assimilate the facts of the circumstances. All this is done within the presence of the men and the women come away giving them the impression that they, the men are indeed the great brains they profess to be. The smug acceptance of women’s inferior role in life seems to have been perpetuated through the ages and this is what the current essay attempts to portray.

代写论文：维护公众安全

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代写论文：维护公众安全

为保障财产和人身安全，恢复公众对维护安定有序的信任，是劳动社会暴力冲突后重建的主要因素。这是经常被称为冲突的解决过程的一个重要组成部分（该，43）。作为论文的声明，使用警察部队的物理安全对于维护安全和稳定非常重要，重要的是使用某些战术。通过实施警察部队，对维护特定国家的法律制度有重大影响。这篇研究论文将集中于前面提到的论文陈述。

警察使用武力的策略

为了维持和平与稳定，部队的使用通常由警察在包括推、推或抓在内的部队范围内进行。根据一项研究，已经发现几乎80%的逮捕案件都是由于使用较少武器的战术而发生的。几乎一半的时间，战术应用抓（neocleous，94）。大约2.1%的逮捕案件发生在警察使用武器的情况下。在武器的种类中，主要有利用胡椒喷雾剂等化学药剂。

从警察管理者的角度来看，这些发现被认为是可预测的。警务人员被训练为以连续的方式与连续的部队配合使用武力。为维护和平与稳定的公众之中，这是一定要的力量来达成自己的目标重要的最低利用率的基本要求（赖纳，1）。

代写论文：维护公众安全

Providing guarantee to the safety of property and persons, and restoring the trust of public in maintaining stability and order are the main factors for reestablishment after violent conflicts in the working society. This is frequently known to be an important part of any process for settlement of conflict (Mitrani, 43). As the thesis statement, physical security that means use of police force is important for the maintenance of security and stability, using certain tactics in a significant manner. By the enforcement of police force, it has a significant impact on maintaining the legal system set by a specific nation. This research paper will be focusing on the previously mentioned thesis statement.

Tactics of Police using Force

For the maintenance of peace and stability, the utilization of force is typically done by police at the lower level in the spectrum of force that include shoving, pushing or grabbing. Based on a study, it has been found that almost 80 per cent of the cases in which arrest was involved in which arrests took place by the utilization of tactics that are weapon- less. Almost half of the time, the tactic used was grabbing (Neocleous, 94). Approximately 2.1 per cent of the cases of arrest took place by the utilization of weapons by police. In the category of weapons, mostly there are utilization of chemical agents like pepper spray.

From the point of view of police administrators, these findings have been considered as being predictable. Police officers are trained for the utilization of force in a progressive manner in alignment with a continuum. For the maintenance of peace and stability amongst the public, it is the basic requirement that there must be minimum utilization of force important for the accomplishment of their goals (Reiner, 1).

 

加拿大论文代写：论证方式

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加拿大论文代写：论证方式

在大多数情况下，作者会以不同的方式使用统计数字：总共有40名入围者和同样百分比的移民。然而，英特尔科学天才入围者的名字都被托马斯提到了。这使读者理解所有入围者都是外国人，他们阅读所有入围者的名字。这有助于作者给读者一点时间，使他在作出结论之前先了解情况。事实上，作者和读者一起得出结论。看起来作者似乎是在与读者交流，这样读者更愿意接受被呈现的论点。为了说服他的论点，他举了一个具体的例子“不要关上移民的门”。

读者们知道，大多数参赛者都是在统计数据的帮助下移民的，但他们并不了解这些移民的优秀品质。显示相同的，作者给出了一个17岁的女孩叫Namrata Anand的一个例子。女孩为了揭露关于仙女座星系的化学史非常熟练运用光谱分析。很明显，与同辈同学相比，这个女孩更优秀。通过这个例子，作者试图证明他的观点，即如果国家决定关闭移民门，从而证明移民是必要的，那么这个国家就可能失去这种才能。具体的例子使这一点更具说服力，也使它更容易理解。

加拿大论文代写：论证方式

The writer in most of the cases would utilize the statistics in different way: in total there are 40 finalists and the percent of the immigrant in the same. However, all the names of the finalist in the Intel Science Talent was mentioned by Thomas. This makes the readers comprehend that all the finalists were foreigners by reading the name of all the finalists. It helps the author give time to the reader to sink in the information before he could make some conclusion. As a matter of fact, the author makes the conclusion together with the reader. It looks as if the author is communicating with the reader and in this way the readers would be more willing to accept the argument being presented. So as to convince his thesis, he them gives a specific example “do not shut the door to immigrate”.

The readers are aware that most of the finalists were immigrants with the help of the statistics; however they are unaware about the outstanding qualities of these immigrants. To show the same, the author has given an example of a 17 year old girl named Namrata Anand. The girl in order to expose information regarding the chemical history of Andromeda Galaxy used spectral analysis very proficiently. It is obvious to say that as compared to the peer students, this girl is more outstanding. By using this example the author has tried to prove his point that the nation might lose onto such talent if they decide to shut doors for the immigration and hence proving the fact that immigration is necessary. Specific example makes the point more persuasive and also makes it easier to understand.

论文代写：军费预算

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论文代写：军费预算

通过政府的大规模支出是因为政治原因而不是爱国的原因。[段2 ]根据Steven Chase邮报环球的一篇文章，加拿大就在2014的成员国试图增加国防开支对年度经济产出的2%北约盟国的协议；其他以硬目标的军事增加支出（追逐），加拿大和北约成员国政府已经在从美国和英国不断的压力，在强硬的声明说，联盟的标志可以应对危机情况二十八成员同意增加国防开支约占GDP的2%，当他们遇到在9月4日和5, 2014靠近加的夫。对于一个只在军费预算上花费1%美元的加拿大国家来说，这个提议是不可能的，因为加拿大纳税人开始认为这一举动是武断的。美国和英国是国家已投入2%或更多的预算，军队的一些成员。在加拿大的军事预算的增加，因此是仲裁和力量而不是自己的计划和实施，需要有政治动机的盟友（Campion Smith）。

如果没有适当的计划和实施，军费预算增加是浪费金钱和税收。如果按照盟国的承诺增加预算，它只会使加拿大成为盟友的妥协语言。现在加拿大不能也不应该承诺它不能坚持的东西。[ 1 ]引用“我们同意我们的北约盟友，重要的是要继续 增加国防开支，我们致力于这样做，”首相的发言人杰森麦克唐纳德在一封电子邮件中说，在2014年9月3日 。

论文代写：军费预算

The massive spending by Government is because of political reasons rather than patriotic reasons.[Para 2] According to an article in The Globe and Mail by Steven Chase, Canada came up with an agreement with NATO allies in 2014 where the member states try to increase the spending on defence to about 2 percent of the yearly economic output; other than taking a hard target for increasing the expenditures on military (Chase).The Government of Canada and other members of NATO have been in constant pressure from United States and Britain to sign on a stronger statement stating that alliance can reply to crisis situation as twenty eight members agreed to increase defence spending to about 2 percent of GDP when they all met on September 4 and 5, 2014 near Cardiff. For a country like Canada who only spends 1 % on military budgets, this proposal was out of the question as Canadian taxpayers began to see this move as arbitrary. United States and Britain are the few members of NATIO which have devote 2% or more budgets to military. The increase in Canadian military budget was thus a case of arbitration and force rather than its own planning and implementation and entails political motives with the allies (Campion-Smith).

Without proper planning and implementation, budget increases on military are a waste of money and taxes. If budget was to be increased as per the allies’ commitment, it will only lead Canada into a compromise language with the allies. Now Canada cannot and should not commit to something it cannot hold on to. [Quote 1] “We agree with our NATO allies that it is important to continue increasing our defence spending, and we have committed to doing so,” Prime minister’s spokesman Jason MacDonald said in an email on September 3, 2014.