加拿大考古学论文代写：塑料袋使用
加拿大考古学论文代写：塑料袋使用
1977年塑料袋闯入超市。从那时起，塑料袋的使用正走向巨大的需求。以上每年塑料袋使用量的数据可以用另一种方式表示，即每人每4天半使用一个塑料袋，或每分钟使用100万个塑料袋。家庭垃圾的三分之一是塑料包装和塑料袋。由于程序困难和回收成本高，塑料袋通常不回收。因此，每分钟有100万个塑料袋被丢弃在垃圾填埋场或水中。在垃圾填埋场，塑料袋需要1000年才能分解。其次，研究表明，在海洋中，每平方英里漂浮着46,000个塑料碎片/袋子/包装(Roach, 2003)。这些塑料碎片在水中添加了有毒化学物质，对海洋生物是致命的(Perkins, 2010)。此外，大量的石油正被用于制造这些可用于其他建设性目的的塑料袋。塑料袋的制造过程释放有害气体，污染空气(Dincer, 1998)。因此，有必要设计一个有效的经济政策来控制塑料袋造成的环境污染。
加拿大考古学论文代写：塑料袋使用
为了避免上述在澳大利亚国内过度使用塑料袋的后果，澳大利亚政府有责任实施一项经济政策，以实现市场的平衡和环境的可持续性。这份报告建议对塑料袋的消费征税。使用塑料袋的人，无论他是生产者、零售商还是消费者，都必须支付正的金额。在上面的图表的帮助下，有些事情是可以理解的。标为“b”的点是市场均衡点，在不征税的情况下(目前情况)，超供图满足市场均衡。此时假设塑料袋的数量为Qo(从b到数量轴的直线)。之后，如果对塑料袋征税，市场平衡就会丧失，供应就会上升。很明显，供给的上升将导致数量轴上的下降。因此，减少使用的塑料袋的数量是通过对塑料袋征税来实现的。另一个重要的因素可以通过上面的图表来检验，那就是生产者和消费者所支付的额外金额的比例。上面的矩形显示的是客户支付的金额，下面的方框显示的是生产商支付的金额。
加拿大考古学论文代写：塑料袋使用
Plastic bags intruded in super markets in 1977. Since then, the use of plastic bag is going towards massive demand. The above figure of plastic bags usage per year can be said in other way as every person uses one plastic bag in every 4 and a half days, or 1 million plastic bags used in a minute. The one third part of garbage of household contains plastic packaging and bags. The plastic bags are not usually recycled due to difficult procedure and high cost of recycling. Therefore, these 1 million plastic bags per minute are discarded at landfills or in water. At landfills, plastic bags take up to 1 thousand years to break down. Secondly, research has shown that in oceans, there are 46,000 plastic pieces/bags/packaging floating over every square mile (Roach, 2003). These plastic pieces adds toxic chemical in water, which are lethal to marine life (Perkins, 2010). Moreover, a generous amount of petroleum is being used for manufacturing of these plastic bags which could be used for other constructive purposes. The manufacturing process of plastic bags releases harmful gases and pollutes the air as well (Dincer, 1998). Therefore, it is necessary to devise an efficient economic policy to control environmental pollution created by plastic bags.
加拿大考古学论文代写：塑料袋使用
To avoid the above discussed consequences of excessive use of plastic bags within Australia, government of Australia is responsible of applying an economic policy to attain equilibrium in the market and sustainability of environment. This report suggests that there should be a tax on consumption of plastic bags. A person, whether he is producer, retailer or consumer who uses plastic bags must pay a positive amount for it.There are certain things which can be understood with the help of the above graph. The point marked with ‘b’ is the point of market equilibrium where suppluand demand graphs meet when no taxes are applied (present condition). At this point assume that the quantity of plastic bags is Qo (a straight line from b to quantity axis). Afterwards, if taxes are being applied on plastic bags, market equilibrium is lost and there is an upward shift in supply. It is evident that an upward shift in supply will lead to a decreased amount on quantity axis. Thus, reduction in quantities of plastic bags being used is achieved through imposition of tax on plastic bags. Another important factor which can be examined through above graph is the portion of added amount paid by producer and consumer. The above rectangle in the graph shows the portion of amount paid by customer and the lower box shows the amount paid by producer.
