标签存档： 加拿大论文代写

加拿大论文代写：干预和国家主权国际委员会

在： , ,

加拿大论文代写：干预和国家主权国际委员会

2000，加拿大政府已经形成了 干预和国家主权国际委员会 （ICISS）作为对Kofi Annan的关注，在卢旺达的大屠杀和斯雷布雷尼察的回复（瓦伦蒂诺，2006）。在编码2001的第三次圆桌会议，“保护的责任”的建议是由伊格纳季耶夫和加利夫伊文斯 避免任何权利干预框架，以和平方式解决人道主义悲剧。作为一个结果，一个报告是由编码2001，被命名为“保护责任”发布。该报告强调了这个事实，自由不仅要求基本权利，但它也需要一定的责任（A，2008）。特别是，责任是从一个国家的角度来看，因为它可以帮助保护其人民免受任何潜在的犯罪或侵犯。

世界首脑会议成果文件2005

2001编码的报告后，有一个关键的发展，发生责任担当框架。从2005九月14-16日，“世界峰会”的会议在纽约召开（班农，2005）。各国元首和各国政府首脑参加了这次重要的首脑会议。在世界首脑会议上，保护的责任被赋予了相当的重要性。虽然首脑会议的结果在一定程度上是可以预见的，但一些相当大的修改，责任的概念，以保护。这些修正案只适用于与大规模暴行和种族灭绝有关的罪行，与人权的侵犯无关。除此之外，联合国安理会已成为唯一允许干涉任何国家内爆发或骚乱的管理机构。也有一个共识，在大众层面上建立一个 人权理事会。包括首脑会议的其他关键点包括：

  • 坚持责任保护公民已经遭受侵犯人权
  • 强调建设和平委员会和预防暴力，也跟着走向和平协议创造任何失效的结论
  • 向安理会提供足够的力量加强自己的能力和促进他们的人权在世界各地

加拿大论文代写：干预和国家主权国际委员会

International commission on intervention and state sovereignty (ICISS)

In 2000, the government of Canada had formed the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) as a reply to Kofi Annan’s concern regarding the mass genocide in Rwanda and Srebrenica (Valentino, 2006). At the third round table meeting of ICISS in 2001, the term “Responsibility to protect” was suggested by Michael Ignatieff and Gareth Evans for avoiding any right to intervention frameworks and to resolve humanitarian travesties in a peaceful manner. As a result, a report was released by ICISS in 2001 that was named as “Responsibility to Protect”. The report had emphasized on the fact that liberty entails not only fundamental rights but it also requires a certain level of responsibility (Arbour, 2008). In particular, responsibility is high from a state’s point of view as it can help in protecting its people from any potential crime or violation.

World Summit Outcome Document 2005

After the report of the ICISS in 2001, there was another crucial development that took place for responsibility to act framework. From 14-16 September 2005, “The World Summit” meeting was held in New York City (Bannon, 2005). Head of states and governments of various nations across the world had participated in this crucial summit. In the World Summit, the Responsibility to protect was given considerable importance. Though the outcome of the Summit was predictable to an extent but some considerable amendments were made to the concept of responsibility to protect. These amendments applied only to crimes related to mass atrocity and genocide and did not relate to violations of human rights. Apart from that, the UN Security Council had been was made the sole governing body for allowing intervention to any outbreak or riot within a state. There had also been a consensus at a mass level for setting up a council for Human Rights. Other key points which the summit covered included:

  • Adhering to the responsibility of protecting citizens that have been suffering from human rights violations
  • Emphasis on creation of a peace-building commission and prevention of any lapse for violence that had followed a conclusion towards peace agreements
  • Providing sufficient powers to the Security Council for strengthening their ability and promoting their human rights across the world

 

 

 

加拿大弗雷德里克顿论文代写：即时通讯

在： , ,

加拿大弗雷德里克顿论文代写：即时通讯

即时通讯一直是当今的潮流。它已成为人民交流的主要媒介。即时通讯已经被不同年龄的人广泛采用。即时通讯是一种广泛支持人与人之间交流的工具。因此，有时我们生活中的一个过度的作用。从过去10年来，即时通讯的趋势一直在上升。从即时通讯的成功，它可以逼近。即时通讯应用的具体化，通过信息网络时代做出的承诺。在没有支出的情况下，为全球范围内的大量个人提供即时通讯的媒介，正是让即时通讯为人们服务的价值所在。因此，没有关于IM应用程序的第二个意见。据报道，有超过5亿IM应用程序的用户在世界上。虽然有大量的IM用户在世界上，大多数用户属于青年类别。但是，它已成为流行的不同年龄组的人。它是人们用在每天的基础上（Nardi等人，2000）。
IM也受益于世界，因为它有着广泛的用途。它可以用于研究的目的，政府。因此，它被纳入日常生活的人。即时通讯应用程序也一直在使用的政策制定者。这是我的非正式的和快速的性质，认为主要体现在语法的非正式使用，缩写和符号指的是对人的即时效应和影响他们的整体生活。据观察，IM是最有说服力的措施，为学生，并打算是最有效的人（日，2000）。因此，互联网消息已经用于一对一通信，也适用于多对多通信。

加拿大弗雷德里克顿论文代写：即时通讯

Instant messaging has been the trend of the present generation. It has become the prime medium of communication among the people. Instant messaging has been widely adopted by the people of different ages. Instant messaging is a tool which extensively supports the interpersonal communication between people. Thus, it beholds an inordinate role in our lives. From the last 10 years, the trend of instant messaging has been on rise. From the success of Instant Messaging, it can be impended. Instant Messaging applications concretize the promises made by the age of information and networking. Providing a medium of instant communication to a large number of individuals across the globe at no expenditure is what making Instant Messaging worth for the people. So, there is no second opinion about the use of IM application. As per the reports, there are over 500 million IM applications user in the world. Though there are a large number of IM users in the world, the most users belongs to the youth category. But, it has become popular among the people of different age groups. It is something which the people are using on the day to the basis (Nardi et al, 2000).
IM is also benefiting the world as it has a wide number of uses. It can be used for the purpose of research, administrations. Thus, it is being integrated into the day to day life of people. Instant Messaging Applications has also been in use by the policy makers. It is the informal and speedy nature of IM, which reckons majorly on the informal use of grammar, the abbreviations and the smileys is something which has an instant and immediate effect on the people and affects their overall life. It has been observed that IM been the most persuasive measure for the students and has intended to be most effective among the people (Day, 2000). Internet Messaging therefore has been use for both one to one communication and also for many to many communications.

加拿大论文代写：乔氏超市

在： , ,

加拿大论文代写：乔氏超市

竞争对手的移动到小格式的业务扩展，能够与多渠道的竞争。它提供了竞争对手，以扩大他们的市场份额，阻碍了乔氏超市的进展，这将是管理，如果特雷德乔将采取积极的战略进入小格式本身之前进入任何竞争对手。
特雷德乔倾向于一个小商店，预计在大多数情况下，甚至低于10000平方英尺的超级市场。乔氏超市应该保持其地位作为超市场提供先进的客户提供难忘的购物体验，甚至为他们提供足够的空间停放车辆，又为Traer Joe店的人气的一个主要问题。
乔氏超市有限公司其服务的更好的教育和更成熟的消费者和其扩展音乐专辑和连裤袜消失从商店和仍然限于葡萄酒的成熟的消费者。对消费者和产品缺陷类型的局限性影响了市场定位的交易员乔为所有其他部门没有发现交易员乔对自己有价值的因为它不提供他们自己的选择的产品。
公司采取了非常谨慎的增长策略，一年只开了一家店。它严重影响了它的扩张，这是有利的竞争对手的商人乔扩大他们的业务在市场中没有挖掘商人乔。
乔氏超市从不强调传统广告工具，如优惠券满通告在周日报纸和电视广告。相反，它采用了自己的广告策略发布客户通讯，这是众所周知的“无畏传单”。乔氏超市主要通过口头广告获得客户。和竞争对手一样，它从不采用先进的广告和促销手段。
根据我的分析，在案例中提供的信息是深入的，可用于使用工具和框架，其适当的应用研究乔氏超市。

加拿大论文代写：乔氏超市

The moving of competitors into small formats for business expansion which are capable of competing well with multiple channels. It provided the competitors to expand their market share and hindered the progress of Trader Joe which would have been managed if Trader Joe would have adopted proactive strategies of entering into small formats on its own before the entry of any of the competitors.
Trader Joe is tended to a small store as expected of a super market which was even less than 10,000 square feet in majority cases. Trader Joe should have maintained its positions as a super market by providing its sophisticated customers with memorable shopping experiences and even by providing them enough space to park their vehicles which was again a major issue for Traer Joe store’s popularity.
Trader Joe limited its services to the better educated and sophisticated consumers and its expansion in music albums and pantyhose disappeared from stores and remained limited to wines for its sophisticated consumers. Limitations of types of consumers and products limitation affected the market positing of Trader Joe as all other segments did not find Trader Joe valuable for them as it does not offer them products of their own choice.
The company worked with a very deliberate growth strategy and opened just one store in a year. It severely impacted its expansion which was beneficial for the competitors of Trader Joe for expanding their businesses in markets which were not tapped by Trader Joe.
Trader Joe never emphasized on traditional advertising tools such as Coupon filled circulars in the newspaper on Sundays and no television commercials. Instead it adopted its own advertising strategy of issuing customer newsletter which is popularly known as “Fearless Flyer”. Trader Joe gained its customers mainly through word of mouth advertising. Like its competitors it never adopted advanced methods of advertising and promotion.
According to my analysis information provided in the case is in-depth and can be used for using tools and frameworks for their proper application in the study of Trader Joe.

加拿大纳奈莫论文代写：炫耀性消费

在： , ,

加拿大纳奈莫论文代写：炫耀性消费

身份认同与消费者的身份有着密切的关系。这是因为模式的身份有一个密切代表一个人的理解，考虑到一个特定的角色，包括产品集群相关的身份被代表。身份相关产品集群是指一个人与身份密切相关的实际财产（Dittmar，2008）。因此，对购买行为有重大影响。因此，可以说，在当今时代，消费者给予巨大的重要性，身份，他们实现购买某些产品，他们认为重要的是有一个更好的身份。

身份的重要性被描述为相对提供一个等级到一个特定的社会身份的自我概念的个人是由自己的层次结构。心理上对完美的说服，它被称为心理倾向，说服良好的元素，在活动的消费者（托德，2011）。心理上的名声，指的是消费者的某些心理倾向，希望利用名牌提高自己在社会中的地位。

心理上的说服分歧，它被称为相反的心理现象，服从普通。它被称为说服趋势是不同于社会的知名度。

炫耀性消费理论

在与他们身份的消费者购物体验和发展的背景下，炫耀性消费的理论似乎是建立一个理解起着重要作用（Dittmar，2008）。炫耀性消费是指对奢侈产品和服务的获取和支出，用于公开展示个人经济实力，无论是买方的收入，还是买方积累的财富。

在超前消费的社会背景下，这种经济的自由裁量权相关的公共显示器是源达到或维持所提供的社会地位（凡勃伦，2009）。除此之外，令人厌恶的消费有助于表示故意引人注目的消费产品和服务的挑衅让别人嫉妒的内涵，作为一个源，显示了很强的社会经济地位的买方。

加拿大纳奈莫论文代写：炫耀性消费

The schema of identity has a close relation with the identity of consumers. This is because the schema of identity has a close representation of one’s understanding about them, in consideration with a specific role that includes the product cluster related to identity being represented. The product cluster related to identity is referred to as the actual possessions of an individual that has a close relation with identity (Dittmar, 2008). Therefore, there is a major impact on the behaviour of buying. Hence, it can be stated that in the current era, consumers give huge importance to identity that they achieve by buying certain products they feel are important for having a better identity.

The importance of identity is described as relatively providing a rank to a specific social identity in the self- concept of an individual that is organized by their own hierarchy. Psychologically persuading towards perfection, it is referred to as the psychological tendencies to persuade the good element in the activities of consumer (Todd, 2011). Psychologically persuading fame, it is referred to as certain psychological tendencies of consumers in hope to utilize famous brands for improving their statuses in the society.

Psychologically persuading divergence, it is referred to as the opposite category of psychological phenomenon to obey the ordinary. It is referred to as persuading the trends which is to be different from the popularities of the society.

Theory of Conspicuous Consumption

In context with the shopping experiences of consumers and development of their identity, the theory of conspicuous consumption seems to be playing a significant role to create an understanding (Dittmar, 2008). Conspicuous consumption is referred to as the acquiring of and spending of money on luxurious products and services for public display of an individual’s power of economy, either the income of buyer, or the accumulated wealth of the buyer.

In the sociological context of the conspicuous consumer, this type of public display related to the discretionary power of economy is a source either to attain or to maintain a provided social status (Veblen, 2009). In addition to this, invidious consumption contributes in denoting deliberately conspicuous consuming the products and services with an intension of provoking to make other people jealous, as a source to display the strong socio- economic position of the buyer.

加拿大坎卢普斯论文代写：尾注

在： , ,

加拿大坎卢普斯论文代写：尾注

虽然尾注由进口供几所大学内的每一个数据库的过滤器，有些用户可能会在这方面的困难（王2011）。用户将无法找到一个过滤器，似乎与某些数据库已选定的目的，进口参考。另外，有时人们看到，过滤器将不能工作（王2011）。这一结果在降低尾注的用户软件包为每个需要被完成的功能。
此外，它已被视为，有时，有一种可能性，引用将无法以准确的方式导入。在导入的数据中可以发现一些错误和错误。除此之外，信息也被发现是在错误的领域。在这样的时间点，用户将不得不手动编辑参考，以确保填写所有重要领域已经完成了一个重要和正确的方式。
尾注还执行出口数据库函数格式的教程。然而，如果启动这个功能，它已经看到，造型的引用是不符合适当的指引（giglia 2010）。这是由于这样的事实，代表与尾注参考元数据的帮助似乎并不符合BibTeX格式在清洁和适当的方式。尽管结果或结果似乎在尾注的情况是好的，可以认为，这似乎不是生活的专业人士谁需要这个包的期望。有许多严重的错误，这个包启动，是不可接受的专业人士使用它。在尾注封装有关的最大的缺点是，它涉及到一个标准数额的现金使用效益（王2011）。成本已固定在300美元，除了这个成本，它还需要定期升级为大多数用户支付。

加拿大坎卢普斯论文代写：尾注

Even though EndNote consists of filters of import available for every database within a few universities, there are certain difficulties that the user might in this context (Fourie 2011). The user will not be able to find a filter that seems to match the certain databases that have been chosen for the purpose of importing references from. Also, at times it has been seen that the filter will not be able to work (Fourie 2011). This results in reducing the users of EndNote as packages of software are chosen as per the functions required to be done.
Also, it has been seen that at times, there is a possibility that the references will not be able to get imported in an accurate way. Several errors and mistakes can be found within the data imported. Apart from that, information is also found to be in the wrong field. At such point of time, the user will have to editing the references manually for ensuring that filling of all important fields has been done in a significant and correct way.
EndNote also performs the function of exporting database to format of Bibtex. However, if this function is initiated, it has been seen that the guidelines for styling the references are not conformed to appropriately (Giglia 2010). This is due to the fact that representing the reference metadata with the help of an EndNote does not seem to be corresponding with the format of Bibtex in a clean and appropriate way. Even though the results or outcomes seem to be nice in the case of EndNote, it can be considered that it does not seem to be living up to the expectations of professionals who require this package. There are a number of serious errors that this package initiates that are not acceptable by the professionals using it. The biggest disadvantage related to the package of EndNote is that it involves a standard amount of cash for availing the benefits (Fourie 2011). The cost has been fixed at $ 300 and in addition to this cost; it also requires upgrade of payment on regular basis for majority of the users.

加拿大论文代写：商业道德

在： , ,

加拿大论文代写：商业道德

泰勒看着伦理事业，而不是以唯一利润为基础的业务。泰勒销售的业务利润可能会比其他以较高利润率出售的其他企业获得的利润较少，但是其工作质量要高于其他竞争性员工。这是因为工作的士气不是由工人执行的不准确（Beltramini，R.F.，Peterson，R.A。，＆Kozmetsky，G.1984）。因此，泰勒员工的工作满意度要比其他竞争对手长期获得更多的业务。

泰勒收到的命令将在没有工作人员计时的情况下完成，因为他们将更加适合执行任务。泰勒不让雇员离职的道德将导致员工为达到目标而努力，泰勒明白并补偿了工人所做的工作。

了解工人的美德

泰勒认为，工人是业务的根源，如果工人对他们所做的工作感到满意，那么他们会尽最大的努力，并根据需要提供有效的工作（Jeurissen，R.（Ed。），2007）。因此，根据竞争对手的工人，了解工人需求和理性行为的伦理道德。泰勒的业务相信工人的依赖和对生活平等的重视。

泰勒承认的工人的权利：

泰勒所给予工资的权利是基于他们所执行的任务。他们并不低估，泰勒明白工人的赔偿权利。这就是为什么没有工作人员想离开这个业务，并且会留下一段时间，在这段时间里，新员工的就业将会在无效的工作中处理。工人的经验将导致更多的生产和良好的工作，这将涉及更多的业务泰勒（Sternberg，2000年）。

加拿大论文代写：商业道德

Taylor looks at the ethical business rather than the business built on the only profit. The profits of the business that Taylor sold for may be would earn less profits than the others selling at a rate with higher profits, however, the quality of the work would be much higher than the other competitive workers. This is because the morale of the task is not executed by the workers is not accurate (Beltramini, R. F., Peterson, R. A., & Kozmetsky, G. 1984). Hence, the satisfaction of the work done by the employees under Taylor would fetch more business than the other competitors in the long run.

The orders that are received by Taylor would be completed without the hours counted by the workers as they would be under the morale to execute the task more appropriately. The ethics of not letting down the employees by Taylor would induce the employees to work towards the goals that might be difficult to achieve as Taylor understands and compensates for the work done by the workers.

The virtue of understanding the workers

Taylor believes that the workers are the source of the business and if the workers are happy with the work that they are performing then they would do the best and deliver the effective work as desired (Jeurissen, R. (Ed.). 2007). Hence, the ethics of understanding the workers’ needs and the rational behavior is distinguished based on this from the workers of the competitors. Taylor’s business believes in the dependency of the workers and the importance given to their living equally.

Rights of the workers recognized by Taylor:

The right of the workers to the wage that is given by the Taylor is based on the task they perform. They are not underpaid as Taylor understands the right towards the compensation for the workers. This is why no workers would want to leave the business and would stay for a time period during which the employment of the new employees would deal in ineffective work delivered. The experience of the workers would result in more production and good work, which will involve more business for Taylor (Sternberg, E. 2000).

 

加拿大渥太华大学论文代写：动机

在： , ,

加拿大渥太华大学论文代写：动机

工作环境中的动机之所以拥有很高的吸引力，是因为它具有挑战性的气氛。

首先，积极动员人力资本，提高代表的有效性。让身体上的代表不意味着一个人可以弄清楚如何充分利用它。一个人需要他/她的渴望，并希望在那里真正地在那里。受到启发的工人的执行情况很高，而且这些工作的收益也在增加，业务费用的下降。基本上看到，那些把大部分时间投入Facebook或不同网页的劳工利用自己的潜力，把自己的职业占有，扩大利润将会非常明显。

第二，从组织的恶名昭彰和善意的角度来看，动机促使劳动力的稳健性是非常必要的。特别的最终目标是让员工坚定不移，他们应该觉得自己是协会的一个主要方面，觉得自己是必需品，并增加价值（Cofer＆Appley 2010）。这个协会的个人作品越来越多，他积累了更多的经验，就像“老是黄金”一样。在个人准备好一个协会工作一段时间的时候，他们不认为该组织是楼梯的一个步骤，它将使得协会不会成为高收入人士和建设性的图片，由非正式广告制作，结果将吸引装备精良的个人担忧。

第三，推动个人不会对进入协会的进展感到不了了。改变是自然规律，组织需要融合特别关键的因素。在成功劝导的劳动力援助下，这些进步将得到承认，呈现和执行，没有消极的心态，协会将继续保持正确的进步。

第四，动机使代表更接近协会。代表要求的长短通过提名奖，特别开门等方式得到满足。工人开始对组织抱有更多的热情。他们开始猜测，这种努力的转移与他们的兴趣并没有区别。这有助于在行政和劳动者中间建立友好关系。

加拿大渥太华大学论文代写：动机

Firstly, motivation puts human assets energetically and enhances level of effectiveness of representatives. Having the representatives just physically does not imply that an individual can figure out how to make full utilization of it. A person requires his/her craving and wishes to be there where they really are. The execution of inspired workers is high, which comes about into expanded gainfulness and diminished expense of operations. Basically, it has been seen that those labourers, who invest a large portion of their time on Facebook or different pages, utilize their potential and keep rather themselves occupied with their occupation; expanded profit will be exceptionally obvious.

Secondly, motivation prompts the solidness of workforce that is exceptionally imperative from the perspective of notoriety and goodwill of the organization. With a specific end goal to keep workers steadfast, they ought to feel themselves as a major aspect of the association, feel that they are required and increased in value (Cofer & Appley 2010). The more extended the individual works in the association, more experience he accumulates, as say “Old is gold”. At the point when individuals are ready to work for one association for quite a while, and they don’t consider the organization as one of the steps of staircase, it will keep the association from the high file of turnover and the constructive picture that will be made from the informal advertising, which as a result will draw in equipped and qualified individuals into a worry.

Thirdly, propelled individuals are not impervious to the progressions taken into the associations. Change is the law of nature and organizations need to fuse distinctive crucial ones. With the assistance of successfully persuaded workforce, those progressions will be acknowledged, presented and executed without negative state of mind and the association will be continued the right track of advancement.

Fourthly, Motivation brings representatives closer to association. The length of requirements of representatives is met through appealing prizes, special open doors, and so on. Workers start to take more enthusiasm toward their organization. They start to surmise that there is no distinction between the diversions of the endeavour and their hobbies. This aids in creating friendly relations in the middle of administration and labourers.

加拿大论文代写：就业纪律

在： , ,

加拿大论文代写：就业纪律

主要原因的变化一直在进行是保证ASAC有纪律维持就业。纪律被认为重要的主要原因是鼓励员工在工作场所以理智的态度行事。明智的被称为对法规和规则的遵守（HSE，2013）。在工作场所，规章制度似乎或多或少地与社会内部的法律义务有着相同的目的。
当商业组织中的员工违反规章制度时，有必要遵守纪律。简单来说，有纪律处分的主要目的是执行规例和规则，如果触犯，惩罚罪犯。纪律和纪律行动帮助设置的例子为每个人在组织遵循严格的规则（巴雷特，2000）。这也是重要的，以确保该组织正在运行和功能正在顺利进行。这样做的结果是提高工作效率和维护行业的和平。
关于发起的变化，可以说，申诉和纪律的程序作为一个框架，提供透明度和清晰的结构，重要的是处理困难，可能发生的关系，在工作中。这种关系可以是从员工的角度或从雇主的角度来看（劳工研究部，2005）。这些程序是重要的，以确保处理与组织中的每个人都以类似的方式在类似的情况下，以公平和负责任的态度处理问题。
这也很重要，确保雇主与本法律的规定和实践的重要ACAS代码（HSE，2013）。大多数的雇主会有自己的程序，在与阿卡斯的法规。

加拿大论文代写：就业纪律

The main reasons as to why changes have been made in the ASAC is for ensuring there is discipline maintained in employment. The main reason why discipline is considered important is for encouraging the employees for behaving in a sensible manner at the work place. Sensible is referred to as adherence towards regulations and rules (HSE, 2013). Within the workplace, regulations and rules seem to be serving more or less the same purpose as what is done by legal obligations within the society.
There is a need for discipline when there is violation in the regulations and rules set by the employees in the business organization. In simple terms, the main purpose of having disciplinary actions are for enforcing regulations and rules, and if violated, punishing the offender. Discipline and disciplinary action help in setting the examples for everyone in the organization for following rules in a strict manner (Barrett, 2000). This is also important for ensuring that the organization is being run and functions are being performed in a smooth manner. This in return results in enhancing the efficiency of work being performed and maintaining peace in the industry.
With respect to the change initiated, it can be stated that the procedures of grievance and discipline acts as a framework for providing transparency and clarity in the structures important to deal with difficulties involved which may take place amongst the relationship at work. This relationship can either be from the perspective of the employees or from the perspective of the employers (Labour Research Department, 2005). These procedures are important for ensuring that treatment with everybody in the organization is done in a similar manner with respect to similar circumstances, for dealing with issues in a fair and responsible manner.
This is also important for ensuring that the employers are in compliance with the present legislation and following the important ACAS Code of Practice (HSE, 2013). Majority of the employers will be having their own procedures that are in compliance with the code of ACAS.

加拿大论文代写：加拿大留学退税政策

在： ,

加拿大论文代写：加拿大留学退税政策

伴随着近年来留学热潮的不断升温，加拿大作为一个发达的资本主义国家，以其高质量的生活水准及一流的教学水平吸引了大批来自世界各地的莘莘学子前去学习深造。为了各位学生能对当地的留学生政策有更多的了解和认识，下面，高阶加拿大论文代写网就对加拿大留学生退税政策进行全面的汇总，供各位学生参考借鉴，希望能给大家提供一些帮助。

1.每个低收入的加拿大税务居民可以享受到的GST/HST退税

这个退税满足的条件很简单，就是必须生活在加拿大和年满19岁。因为大部分的留学生在加拿大生活学习，所以满足税务居民的条件。同时年满19岁的留学生，每个季度可以得到62刀的最高退税。

2.房屋税退还(PropertyTax credit)

这个退税与收入的高低联系很紧密。收入越高，拿到房屋退税的可能性越低。留学生一般没有收入或则收入很低，所以按房租的高低一般都能拿到200-400的退税。

3.消费税退还(BasicSales Tax credit)

这个退税，留学生基本都能拿到。一共$100。

4.积累RRSP额度

学生还没有工作，无法马上利用RRSP帐户进行延税和合法避税投资。但是，只要开始申报纳税，那么,他/她在求学期间所积累下的RRSP投资额度，可以在将来工作，并且具备了投资条件之后，再加以利用。所以尽早报税可以累计RRSP的额度，等待以后工作了合理的延税，从来减低当年的所得税。

5.教育退税

全日制学生可以获得每月最高400多刀，一年5,000刀的教育退税额度，半日制学生可以获得每月120刀的教育退税额度。

6.书本退税

全日制学生每月可以获得65刀的书本退税额度，半日制学生也能获得20刀的退税额度。

7.可以按每年向所属大专院校缴付的学费来申报免税额。

8.报税的当年使用过的月票，可以申报月票开支。

了解退税政策也是理财必备技能，运用的好能省下不少钱。以上内容由高阶加拿大论文代写网整理提供。

加拿大多伦多大学论文代写：逻辑与推理

在： ,

加拿大多伦多大学论文代写：逻辑与推理

基于逻辑的方法是用来监控所有 所观察到的行为的逻辑一致 解释，因此必须考虑所有可能的和一致的计划或目标。Kautz设计了一个正式的规划识别理论。他描述了规划识别的过程，逻辑过程的界限。所有的行动和计划被统称为目标，和识别的知识是由一组一阶语句调用的事件层次结构在一阶逻辑编码来表示，它定义了抽象、分解和事件类型之间的功能关系。
Kautz提出的计划识别具有最坏情况的指数时间复杂度的算法，并在输入法的尺寸测量。Lesh和埃齐奥尼 进一步推动这个计划识别的过程和设计方法在放大目标识别扩展他的工作计算。除了Kautz的方法在规划库是明确表示，Lesh和埃齐奥尼的方法允许从域图元自动规划图书馆建设。他们介绍了紧凑表示和高效算法的目标识别大型规划库。
不一致的计划和目标反复观察和实施时，新的行动到达。此外，他们还提供了一种方法，适应目标识别处理个别特质行为给定的样本的个人最近的行为。基于逻辑的方法的主要问题是，它是无法和不可行的表示不确定性。有没有机制，宁愿一个一致的方法，另一个无法决定一个特定的计划是否更有可能比另一个，只要两者都可以一致到足以解释所观察到的行动。还有一个缺乏学习能力与基于逻辑的方法。
这种逻辑活动的另一种方法是模拟一个图像流，然后组织它来评估当前的情况，并观察所提供的输入，以形成所需的输出。这种类型的过程可以用于医疗，体育等领域。

加拿大多伦多大学论文代写：逻辑与推理

Logic-based approaches are used to monitor all the logically consistent explanations of the observed actions, thus making it compulsory to consider all possible and consistent plans or goals. Kautz devised a formal theory of plan recognition. He described the process of plan recognition as a logical process of circumscription. All actions performed and plans drawn are uniformly referred to as goals, and a recognizer’s knowledge is represented by a set of first-order statements called event hierarchy encoded in first-order logic, which defines abstraction, decomposition and functional relationships between types of events.
Kautz’s proposed an algorithm for plan recognition which has an exponential time complexity in worst case, and is measured in the size of input hierarchy. Lesh and Etzioni advanced further in this process of plan recognition and devised methods in scaling up goal recognition to scale up his work computationally. Apart from the Kautz’s approach where the plan library is explicitly represented, Lesh and Etzioni’s approach allows automatic plan-library construction from domain primitives. They introduced compact representations and efficient algorithms for goal recognition on large plan libraries.
Inconsistent plans and goals are repeatedly observed and implemented when new actions arrive. Besides, they also provide methods for adapting a goal recognizer to handle individual idiosyncratic behaviour given a sample of an individual’s recent behaviour. The main problem of logic-based approach is that it is unable and not feasible to represent uncertainty. There is no mechanism for preferring one consistent approach to another and incapable of deciding whether one particular plan is more likely than another, as long as both of them can be consistent enough to explain the actions observed. There is also a lack of learning ability associated with logic based methods.
Another approach to this logical activity is to model a stream of images and then organizing it to evaluate the current situation and observe the supplied input to form the desired output. This type of process can be used in fields like medical, sports, etc.