加拿大代写论文：官僚主义的转变
加拿大代写论文：官僚主义的转变
20世纪70年代后期，大多数西方政府的传统官僚主义标准受到抨击。货币紧急情况，监管程序不灵活以及公众利益下降的不满，促使新的管理主义者在总体社会领域（新公共管理）中提出新的思想。要求政府更加精通，以结果为导向，以客户为导向，以更少的现金提供更好的服务。私营部门的模式通常是公开分部的差事。结果，世界各地发生了各种各样的变化。
新的公共管理定期作为旧的优秀开放商业标准的飞行显示。例如，通过区分战略和组织，或利用分工结构，新公共管理体现了更多的权力下放;更多的合同式的连接，而不是传统的各种级别的单位;最新的市场分类工具，例如代金券，积极招标和外包;公开行政人员及其管理能力的更多考虑;以及人力资源管理等一般人口领域的最新管理制度，规范化和结果化的安排和管理。
然而，预期表明，一些这些变化并没有促使欧洲大陆政府行政机构的部分和模式发生根本性的变化。国家仍被认为是解决问题的主要促进者，例如全球化，创新变革，人口动态和生态危机。尽管存在真实性问题，代议制多数制度的组成和工作并没有经历任何实质性的变化。共同行政的部分和印象以及Rechtstaat模式的标准也是如此。
无论如何，也有一些新的组件。例如，从内向导向到官僚主义的转变，转向了帮助公民的外向导向。新玩意儿已经熟悉提高代理多数统治政府的部分，包括与居民的早期会面和代表土着人的观点。
加拿大代写论文：官僚主义的转变
Later in 1970s the conventional bureaucratic standard of most Western governments came under assault. Monetary emergencies, discontent about the inflexibility of regulatory procedures and diminishing public interest prompted the presentation of new, managerialists’ thoughts in general society segment: the New Public Management (NPM). Governments were required to end up more proficient, results and client orientated, and offer better esteem for less cash. Private sector models were generally endorsed for open division errands. As an outcome, various changes have occurred all through the world.
The New Public Management is regularly displayed as the flight of the old excellent open commercial ministration standard. NPM presented more decentralization for instance by differentiating strategy and organization or by the utilization of divisional structures; more contract-like connections rather than conventional various levelled units; latest market-sort instruments such as vouchers, aggressive tendering and contracting out; more consideration for open administrators and their administration aptitudes; and latest administration systems for the general population area like HRM, standardized and results orientated arranging and control.
However, contemplated demonstrates that a number of these changes have not prompted a radical change in the part and model of government administrations in mainland Europe. The State is still thought to be the principle facilitator of answers for issues, for example, globalization, innovative change, moving demographics and ecological danger. Notwithstanding authenticity issues, the part and working of representative majority rules system has not endured any real change. The same holds for the part and impression of the common administration and the standards of the Rechtstaat model.
In any case, there are likewise some new components. For instance, there has been a movement from an inward orientation towards bureaucratic principles to an outer orientation towards helping citizens. New gadgets have been acquainted to enhance the part of agent majority rule government, both in regards to the early meeting with residents and representation of natives’ perspectives.
