加拿大代写：科学管理的定义

加拿大代写：科学管理的定义。科学管理的定义在当代商业环境中受到了挑战。泰勒的科学管理原则包括应用一套管理决策，从数据收集、分析和决策制定，将科学的方法应用到所有的行动和抛弃不科学的方法(泰勒;1994;尼尔森,1992)。拉下来加拿大代写专家将为同学们分享下论文范文科学管理的定义。

在当今时代，像谷歌和苹果这样的组织是通过成功的领导进行成功管理的新闻。激励方面，如鼓励员工使用一定比例的时间用于自己的项目(如谷歌所观察到的)，与科学管理的定义背道而驰，科学管理的重点是如何通过有效利用资源来提高绩效。科学管理的原则受到挑战。

以科学管理、避免冲突为核心的科学管理原则，在当代形势下进行了不同的反思。科学管理的第一条原则是，管理是建立在科学的基础上的，而不是“经验法则”。采用科学的方法进行管理决策是非常重要的。拇指规则被理解为做某事的一种实用的和近似的方法。虽然它不需要百分之百的质量，但它可以完成工作。科学管理拒绝这种经验法则的概念。目前，在组织采用变革管理和创新思维的情况下，可以使用经验法则。事实上，情境领导风格和权变领导风格的概念都是围绕着使用拇指规则来解决即时的高风险问题。同样，它需要考虑另一种科学管理原则，其目的是统一行动，消除不和谐。Discord是指方法上的差异和冲突。过去关于冲突管理的文献倾向于提出避免冲突的需要(Miner, 2015)。然而，这并不是当前冲突管理的重点，冲突管理被认为是组织固有的一部分。不和谐也是可以接受的。正如Montoya-Weiss, Massey和Song(2001)所指出的，组织通过前瞻性地预测团队工作中可能发生的事情，提出了有效的冲突管理系统。科学管理只会在避免冲突方面起作用。

In current times, organizations like Google and Apple are in the news for successful management through successful leadership. Motivational aspects like encouraging employees to use a certain percentage of their time for their own projects (as observed in Google) go against the very definition of scientific management which focuses on how to improve performance by efficient use of resources. The principles of scientific management are challenged.

The core principles of scientific management such as management based on science, and avoidance of conflict is rethought in different ways in contemporary situations. The first principle of scientific management states that management is based on science which is not “the rule of the thumb.” Adopting a scientific approach in managerial decision-making is of great importance. The rule of the thumb is understood as a practical and approximate way to do something. While it need not give a hundred percent in quality, it gets the work done. Scientific management rejects this notion of the rule of thumb. Currently, where change management and innovative thinking are adopted in organizations, the rule of thumb could be used. In fact, the very concept of situational and contingency leadership styles revolves around using the rule of the thumb at times to solve immediate high-risk problems. Similarly, it needs to consider another principle of scientific management which aims to unify actions and eliminate discord. Discord refers to differences in approach and conflicts. Past literature on conflict management tends to present the need to avoid conflict (Miner, 2015). However, this is not the focus in current conflict management, which is accepted as an inherent part of an organization. Discord is acceptable as well. As Montoya-Weiss, Massey and Song (2001) argue, organizations are coming up with efficient conflict management system by proactively working out what can happen in team working. Scientific management would have just worked on conflict avoidance.

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