加拿大代写report：经济自由化

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加拿大代写report：经济自由化

关于中国经济模式的根本问题是政府给予企业家和工人的自由化程度。经历了共产主义政权实践的历史证据，即为实现经济自由化做出了极小的政治自由化。但是，其他经济体尤其是西方国家的平衡是必要的。此外，中国的经济模式实际上比政治和经济学之间的简单平衡游戏复杂得多。

经济在亚洲早期模式的基础上开始。中国早期的制造业热潮来自台湾和韩国的意识形态。该模式建立在将国家置于整个生态系统中心的思想基础上，所有决策都必须从政治中心传播。中国共产党确保经济权力必须与国家保持一致，经济政策必须反映政治长期议程。为了确保工人有效地与其他经济体竞争，国家一直把小学教育作为重中之重，青年识字率在全国接近98％。这一比例远高于发展中国家的平均水平（约70％）。

通常亚洲高增长国家重点关注外商投资。中国政府采取了早期的步骤，为外国企业长期开展业务和投资创造有利环境。政府同时关心对外商投资的控制权受到严格的监督和控制，有利于中国的利益。

加拿大代写report：经济自由化

The fundamental question about the Chinese economic model is the amount of liberalisation the government has granted to the entrepreneurs and workers. There have been historical evidences of the communist regime practises about providing minimal political liberalisation with decent economic liberalisation. However, equilibrium between the two is necessary in other economies, especially in those of the western nations. Moreover, the Chinese model of economy is actually more complex than a simple equilibrium game between the politics and economics.

The economy was started on the foundation of the early Asian models. The Chinese early days of manufacturing boom was borrowed from the ideologies of Taiwan and South Korea. The model was built on the idea to keep the state at the centre of the entire ecosystem and all decision-makings must spread from the political centre. The Chinese Communist Party made sure that economic power must remain with the state and economic policies must reflect the political long term agendas. In order to make sure that workers are efficient enough to compete with other economies, the state has been pushing primary education as its priority and the literacy rate among youth has been close to 98 percent in the country. The rate is much higher than the average found in developing nations (about 70%).

Usually the Asian high growth countries focus on the foreign investments. The Chinese government took the early steps in order to make conducive environment for the foreign entities to do business and invest for the long term. The government at the same time takes care that the control over the foreign investment is kept under tight monitoring and control in the favour of the Chinese interests.

加拿大代写report：财政指标的演变

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加拿大代写report：财政指标的演变

从制造业到服务业的重大转变使得经济随着全球化和技术进步的步伐迅速发展（BIS，2012）。制造业发生重大变化，经历低工资竞争和技术适应，导致全球产品价格下滑，但服务上涨。自1978年以来，制造业劳动力大幅下降约60％，但总产出却随着时间的推移而增加。根据ONS（国家统计局）的统计，英国在2012年的制造业就业岗位只有8％，而1978年为25％。虽然制造业的份额仅在2013年则从1948年的36％下降到10％，但总产出或生产水平连续上涨2.8％（ONS，2014年）。服务业增长几乎翻了一番，在英国提供最大的就业机会（Michael and Banks，2014）。

多年来通货膨胀的发展

对于任何经济来说，通货膨胀是经济增长的重要指标，因为它代表货物或服务价格的变化或稳定。中央银行对货币政策，财政政策或任何其他政策的决策直接影响通货膨胀。对于任何中央银行来说，保持通货膨胀率更接近于稳定的目标值是很重要的。为了计算通货膨胀，中央银行利用消费者价格指数（CPI）考虑能源，食品和服装等消费支出较高的具体项目的价格（世行，2013年）。

加拿大代写report：财政指标的演变

A significant shift from manufacturing to services has made the economy to grow rapidly with the pace of globalization and technological advances (BIS, 2012). Significant changes in manufacturing, experiencing low-wage competition and technology adaptation have resulted in fall in global prices of product but in services it went up.  Since 1978, there has been a significant fall in workforce of about 60% in manufacturing sector, however total output has increased over the time. According to ONS (Office for National Statistics), UK jobs in manufacturing in 2012 is just 8% as compared to 25 % in 1978. Though share of manufacturing sector has fallen to 10 % only in 2013 from 36% in 1948, but total output or production level has grown continuously by 2.8% (ONS, 2014).  It is almost double from the growth in service sector which provides maximum employment in the UK (Michael and Banks, 2014).

Development of Inflation over years

For any economy, inflation is very important indicator of economic growth as it represents changes or stability in the price of goods or services. Inflation directly gets affected with central bank’s decisions towards monetary policies, fiscal policies or any other policies. For any central bank, it is important to keep the inflation rate closer to the rate targeting for stability.  In order to calculate inflation, Consumer Prices Index (CPI) is used by central banks considering the prices of specific items where consumer spending are higher on energy, food and clothing etc (World Bank, 2013).

加拿大代写论文：中国经济表现

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加拿大代写论文：中国经济表现

然而，2009年出口和进口大幅下滑，导致国内生产总值同比下降至9.2％（A1），失业率同时上升至4.3％（A2）。经济进入通缩模式，增加失业率。最后，2010年经济增长，失业和通货膨胀受到控制。相反，2011年，由于危机的复苏导致了大量的贷款激增（Li，2011），导致通货膨胀率再次大幅上涨5.4％，几乎相当于2008年的5.9％（A3）。尽管失业不受影响，经济危机导致2011年GDP增​​长略有下降。

中国收紧货币政策以控制通胀（李，2011），这导致2012年下降至2.6％（A3）。随着财政和货币政策的变化，中国能够保持通货膨胀和失业率。但2012年财政赤字8000亿元，2013年为1.2万亿元（齐，2014年）。中国的扩张性财政政策在2012年和2013年的经济增长方面并不是非常有效。还应该指出，货币政策紧缩和地方政府借款最近导致经济增长放缓。

据Ollero等（2014年第47页），为了解决经济增长放缓，中央政府提出增加对地方政府的转移。这是目前中国政府提出的扩张性财政政策的一种方法。中国政府没有触及货币政策，可能是因为政府需要失业和通货膨胀受到控制。除此之外，政府还提出扩大税基，增加中央政府的支出责任（Ollero等，2014，第47页）。所以政府只是想在财政政策上作出改变。

加拿大代写论文：中国经济表现

However, in 2009, there was a steep fall in exports and imports, which led to a simultaneous fall in GDP growth to 9.2% (A1) and a simultaneous increase in unemployment to 4.3% (A2). The economy went into deflation mode, which added to the increase in unemployment. Finally, in 2010, the economy grew and unemployment and inflation came under control. Conversely, in 2011, the recovery from crisis led to a huge lending spree (Li, 2011) which led to a drastic increase in inflation again, 5.4%, nearly equivalent to that level in 2008 (5.9%) (A3). The economic crisis led to a slight fall in GDP growth in 2011, though the unemployment was unaffected.

China tightened its monetary policy to control inflation (Li, 2011) and this prompted the fall to 2.6% in 2012 (A3). With changes in fiscal and monetary policies, China was able to maintain inflation and unemployment rates. However, the fiscal deficit was 800 billion Yuan in 2012 and 1.2 trillion Yuan in 2013 (Qi, 2014). China’s expansionary fiscal policy was not very effective in improving economic growth in 2012 and 2013. It should also be noted that the tightening of monetary policy and the local government borrowings has led to the decline in economic growth recently.

According to Ollero et al (2014, p.47), in order to address the slowing economic growth, the central government has proposed to increase transfers to local governments. This is one method of expansionary fiscal policy, currently proposed by the Chinese government. The Chinese government has not touched the monetary policy, probably because the government needs unemployment and inflation to be under control. In addition to the above, the government has also proposed to broaden the tax base and increase the central government’s expenditure responsibilities (Ollero et al, 2014, p.47). So the government is trying to make changes only in the fiscal policy.

加拿大代写论文：电信市场

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加拿大代写论文：电信市场

整个项目的研究分为两个部分和六个章节。

第1章：引言，用市场的细节讲述了这个话题，并对它进行了一般性描述。研究目的是研究和指定项目及其交付的结构。

第2章文献综述，涵盖了研究的各个领域。网络营销和消费者行为的所有概念和理论，使之显得像样。它还讲述了市场战略或竞争环境在这个行业多品牌的细节和评价的作用的MVNO（移动虚拟网络运营商）的市场。

第3章：研究方法：解释研究中使用的所有方法或分析这项服务业的研究。

第4章：英国电信市场——本章对英国服务业市场进行详细分析。对竞争对手进行检查，根据在线和离线程序对竞争对手进行分类。在此基础上分析了comScore的数据英国市场做的可以考虑做他们的网上消费者行为分析。

第5章：德国电信市场——对德国市场的详细分析。就像第四章一样。

6章：讨论–本章比较分析了市场的这两个国家和地区的局限性。

7章：经济分析说明在服务业的市场原因，也有政策，投资不足，模型的回归分析和对策探讨。

第9章结论：对以上各章的总结。

加拿大代写论文：电信市场

The whole research of this project is dividing into two parts and six chapters.

Chapter 1: Introduction – It tells about the topic and a normal description of it with the market details. Research aim is to study and specify the structure of the project and its deliveries.

Chapter 2: Literature Review –It covers all the areas of the research. All the concepts of online marketing and behavior of consumers with the theories use to make it presentable. It also tells the detail of the market strategies or competitive environment in this industry like multi branding and evaluate the role of the MVNO’s (Mobile virtual network operator) in the market.

Chapter 3: Research Methodology: It explains about all the methods those are use in the research or analyze the study of this service industry.

Chapter 4: Market of Telecommunication in the united kingdom- In this chapter the market of the UK in this service sector will analyze in detail. Examine of competitors and classification of them done based on their online and offline routine. On the base of analysis done on the ComScore data United kingdom market will be consider for doing calculation of behavior of their online consumers.

Chapter 5: Market of Telecommunication in the Germany- It explains about all the details and analysis of the market of Germany. It is all over similar like chapter4.

Chapter 6: Discussion –In this chapter comparative analysishas been done in between the markets of these two countries and states its limitations.

Chapter 7: Economic Analysis- It will explain all reasons of underinvestment in the market of this service sector .Also, Discussion of the model Regression and all strategies with policies.

Chapter 9: Conclusion: summarize of all above chapters.

加拿大论文代写：美国经济减速

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加拿大论文代写：美国经济减速

尽管有这些因素，美联储和私人市场也在今年第四季度表现出令人失望的数字。联邦储备一直支持货币以及对经济产生积极影响。市场分析表明，上市公司的股票交易进展缓慢，而部分上市公司出现了负面影响（米切尔，2015）。

有许多经济学家在美利坚合众国，其中有他们在2014年最后一个季度美利坚合众国的经济表现的担忧，但另一方面，经济学家在美利坚合众国的经济学家仍对明年经济的表现持乐观态度。有许多证据和因素反映了美利坚合众国经济正在复苏。在2015上半年美利坚合众国的经济表现在更高的生产力形式交付更好的结果（jostova，2013）。

Scott Wren，谁在威尔斯Fargo投资研究所的高级股票策略师还表示，他并不担心生长速度缓慢，在美利坚合众国的经济在2014年最后一个季度，因为这导致美利坚合众国的经济下滑的因素在本质上是暂时性的因素（里昂，2014）。这些因素都影响了美利坚合众国的经济，但这些因素不会对美利坚合众国的经济有permanenteffects。Scott Wren先生说，

“我们将看到更好的经济增长和海外稳定”（米切尔，2015）。

一些美联储官员对美利坚合众国经济的表现也持乐观态度。经济学家们担心，可以从圣路易斯联储主席James Bullard反映了经济的表现，谁给了他对彭博电视访谈的GDP报告”后，有很多在美国的潜在发展势头，”

加拿大论文代写：美国经济减速

Despite of these factors, federal reserves as well as private market also showed disappointing figure in the fourth quarter of the year. Federal reserves have always supported the currency as well as impact positively on economy. Market analysis showed that the progress of stock exchange was slow while there were negative effects in some of the listed companies in the graphs (Mitchell, 2015).

There are many economists in united states of America, which have their concerns about the performance of the economy of the united states of America in the last quarter of year 2014, but on the other hand the economist in united states of America the economist are still optimistic about the performance of the economy in the next year. There are many evidences and factors which are reflecting that the economy of the United States of America is recovering. The performance of the economy of the United States of America in the first half of year 2015 has delivered the better outcome in the form of more productivity (Jostova, 2013).

Scott Wren, who is a senior equity strategist at the Wells Fargo Investment Institute has also said that he is not worried about the slow growth rate in the economy of the united states of America in last quarter of year 2014 because the factors which have resulted in the decline in the economy of the united states of America were temporary factors in nature (Lyon, 2014). These factors have affected the economy of the United States of America for a while but these factors will not have the permanenteffects on the economy of the United States of America. Mr. Scott Wren has said,

“We’re going to see better economic growth here and stabilization abroad”(Mitchell, 2015).

Some Fed officials are also optimist about the performance of the economy of United States of America. The economists are unfazed about the performance of the economy which can be reflected from the St. Louis Fed President James Bullard, who has given his interview on Bloomberg TV after the GDP report“There is a lot of underlying momentum in the U.S.,”

 

加拿大论文代写：小额信贷

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加拿大论文代写：小额信贷

世界上的大多数穷人对任何形式的正规信贷形式都没有过度，小额信贷并不存在。世界各地有2亿人可以获得小额信贷。正式的赞助计划，由政府制定的已失败，因为高的违约率，在某些情况下也存在政治赠品。讨论非正规市场贷款利率远高于存款利率。可以看出，世界许多地区的年利率为40至200%。在发展中国家的贷款利率一直在78.5%，目前年和资本成本的平均利息率为32.5%（2010的Armendariz和Morduch，）。在发展中国家，利率的变化是相似的，这些统计数字证明，在发展中国家和发达国家，穷人的利率比富人多。出于这个原因，有许多原因，这些原因将详细讨论。与穷人相比，富人在信心区间支付的利率较低。在印度，信用报告显示，在农村地区，人们抵押他们的土地应支付利率在28至124%之间（阿西莫格鲁，2008）。栽培及其支付21至40%（巴克纳，2014）。

这个差距的实证证据如下：D应该谁来对金融机构的贷款风险拖欠下的人民。R = 1 + R可以被假定为总利率，在这种情况下，银行无利可图。（一维）RIS补偿了存款人，作为回报，资本的预测边际产品等同于（一维）R，这可以解释上面解释的所有事实（布劳格，1997）。

加拿大论文代写：小额信贷

Most of the poor people in world do not have excess to any of the forms of formal credit which is not present with microcredit. Microcredit is accessible by 200 million people all over the world. The formal sponsored programs developed by the government have been failed because of high default rates and at some situations political giveaways were also present. Discussing about the informal market the rates of lending money are much higher than the rates of deposit. It can be viewed that the interest rates yearly have been 40 to 200% at many parts of the world. In developing countries this lending rate has been at an average interest rate of 78.5% that was present yearly and the cost of capital was 32.5% (Armendariz and Morduch, 2010). In developing countries, the variability of the interest rates has been similar and these statistics prove that in developing and developed countries poor have given much more interest rates than rich people. There are many reasons presented for this reason and these reasons will be discussed in detail. In comparison with poor, rich people pay less interest rate in the confidence interval. In India the credit report shows that in rural areas of the country where people mortgage their lands were supposed to pay interest rates that were between 28 to 124% (Acemoglu, 2008). The cultivations and its pays were between 21 to 40% (Buckner, 2014).

Empirical evidence about this disparity can be as follows: d% is supposed to be the people who come under the risk defaulters on the loan given by financial institutions. R=1+r can be supposed as the gross interest rates and in this case banks make no profit. (1-d) Ris compensated to the depositors and in return the forecasted marginal product of capital was equated to (1-d) R and this can explain all the facts that are explained above (Blaug, 1997).