論文摘要翻譯推薦：扶貧工作
論文摘要翻譯推薦：扶貧工作
在中國，貧困被認為是基於農村或城市地區的貧困。中國政府在減少農村貧困方面取得了顯著進展。為了減少城市地區的貧困，勞動和社會保障部出台了政策，可以為城市地區的貧困人口提供培訓、就業和救濟。然而，這些政策並沒有針對在城市生活和工作的農民工。黃平(2004a)等學者認為，農村和城市地區的減貧政策存在差距(Lin, 2006)。儘管到目前為止已經取得了一些積極的成果，預期的成果還將繼續，但仍有各種嚴重的問題需要解決。它們的出現，尤其是由於結構性障礙而不是現行政策的結果。從上面的數據可以看出，農民工之間存在著工資差距。與城市工人相比，農民工的平均工資較低。
2002年農民工月平均工資為100美元，城鎮職工月平均工資增長58%。小時工資差異要大得多。事實上，為了補償實際工資的下降，農民工甚至接受了長時間的工作。河南一項針對湖南和四川兩省的調查顯示，外來務工人員的時薪是當地城鎮地區城鎮工人時薪的四分之一。大多數農民工沒有受過教育，他們中的大多數人從未參加過非農業就業培訓項目。中國中央政府提供了某些關注這個問題像陽光項目使工人工作和學習在2004年但移民的需求,這些項目在一個簡單的方法無法滿足當超過1.5億農民工更加入未來的估計。
論文摘要翻譯推薦：扶貧工作
Poverty in China is regarded as poverty based on rural or urban area. The Chinese government remarkably made progress in reducing rural poverty. In order to decrease poverty in the urban region, the Labor and social security ministry have policies issued that can provide training, employment as well as relief for the poor in urban regions. Such policies however do not address the rural migrant workers who live and work in the cities. Scholars such as Huang Ping, (2004a) have argued that there exists a policy gap between poverty reduction in rural and urban regions (Lin, 2006). Even though there are certain positive results acknowledged till now and the expected results will continue, however there are various serious issues that remain which require addressing. They are present especially as a consequence of structural barriers not present policies. As evident from the above figure, there existed a rural migrant workers wage gap. The migrant labor’s average salary is lesser in comparison to the urban workers.
The average migrant workers monthly wage was USD 100 in 2002 which was average wage of urban workers by 58 percent. Hourly wage differences are much larger. As a matter of fact, for compensating for the real wage declination, worker who were rural migrants accepted even long hours at work. According to Henan, a survey conducted on the provinces of Hunan and Sichuan depicted that rates at hourly wage for the migrant labors is one by 4 that of the urban workers from local urban regions. Mostly the migrant works are not educated and most of them have never taken part in programs for training for being employed in non-agricultural jobs. The Chinese central government has provided certain focus over this problem like the Sunshine project which allowed workers to work and learn in the year 2004 but the demand of migrants for these programs cannot be met in an easy way when more than 150 million rural workers are more to join in future as estimated.
