jianada：人们进行迁移的原因
jianada：人们进行迁移的原因
人们从一个地区迁移到另一个地区有几个原因，主要是经济、政治、社会和环境(Bitesize, 2014)。经济原因主要围绕着寻找更好的工资或更好的工作;政治原因来自于一个压迫人民的不友好的或专制的政府;社会原因包括寻找更好的生活质量，这与寻找更好的工资和更好的工作密切相关，但也与寻找一个能更好地满足生活需要的地方有关;环境方面的原因包括逃避自然/人为灾害，即从较易受灾地区转移到较不容易受灾地区。有几种迁移模型，其中最流行的是John R. Harris和Michael Todaro在1970年开发的Harris-Todaro迁移模型。这个模型确定工资是决定移民趋势的主要因素。在详细研究哈里斯-托达罗模型所建立的移民趋势之前，有必要了解劳动力市场的运作情况。劳动力市场上劳动力的供求关系决定了工人的工资水平。
jianada：人们进行迁移的原因
如果劳动力的需求更多而供给更少，该地区的工资就会更高。通常，城市地区的工资较高，因为城市地区的生活成本较高。因此，在城市和农村地区存在工资差异。然而，如果劳动力供应增加，工资率就会下降，因为人们将准备以更低的工资工作。如果跨城乡迁移即城市农村之间的内部或不同状态考虑,当工资差别或工资的差异在农村和城市地区之间是正的,人们往往从农村转移到城市地区为了寻找更好的工作,更高的薪水和更好的生活机会获得更好的医疗设施,美好家园》等等。当城镇地区的工资数量增加时，供需的相互作用导致工资下降，直到最终达到零。这导致了农村和城市地区的均衡(Harris & Todaro, 1970)。哈里斯-托达罗移民模型只考虑了工资。
jianada：人们进行迁移的原因
People migrate from one region to another owing to several reasons, the major ones being economic, political, social and environmental (Bitesize, 2014). The economic reasons mainly revolve around the search of better wages or better work; the political reasons come from an unfriendly or tyrannical government which oppresses the population; the social reasons involve the search of a better quality of life which is closely related to the search of better wages and better jobs but also relates to search of a place that offers better access to the needs of life; and the environmental reasons involve escaping of natural/ man-made disasters entailing shifting from a more disaster-prone region to a less disaster-prone region.There have been several models of migration, the most popular of which was the Harris-Todaro model of migration developed by John R. Harris and Michael Todaro in 1970. This model identifies the wage to be the major factor determining migration trends. Before going into the details of migration trends as established by Harris-Todaro Model, it is essential to understand the functioning of the labour market.The demand and supply of labour in the labour market determines the wage of the workers.
jianada：人们进行迁移的原因
If the demand of the labour is more while supply is less, the wage will be higher in that area. Usually, the wages are higher in the urban areas because the cost of living is higher in the urban areas. So, there exists a wage differential between the urban and the rural areas. If, however, the supply of labour is more, the wage rate would fall as people will be ready to work for lesser wages. If migration across rural and urban areas i.e. internally between rural urban areas or different states be taken into consideration, when the wage differential or the difference in wage between the rural and the urban areas is positive, people tend to move from rural to urban areas in search of better jobs, better wages and better lifestyle opportunities like access to better healthcare facilities, better homes and so on. When the number of wages in the urban areas increases, the interplay of supply and demand leads to a decline in the wages until such time when the gap finally reaches zero. This leads to equilibrium across the rural and the urban areas (Harris & Todaro, 1970). The Harris-Todaro model of migration takes into account simply the wage.
