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加拿大论文代写-分层抽样和定性研究的方法

加拿大论文代写-分层抽样和定性研究的方法。分层抽样是一种更科学的方法来识别样本,因为它把群体分成子群体,然后从这些子群体中随机抽取样本。当存在大量分布不均匀的种群时,可以使用这些方法,然后可以将这些种群分解为多个集群和从每个集群中提取的样本。此外,这些是基于概率抽样的例子,可能有一个标准误差。当经过正态分布时,有95%的置信度,说明95%的总体可以用这些抽样方法表示。定性研究的方法可能非常非传统,可能没有具体的数字来解释这个故事。案例研究是分析特定群体的一种非常流行的方法。它有助于将研究置于特定的背景中,而不会产生既定的意识形态。这些更有针对性,可以用来测试研究的任何假设。这有助于对大型调查中可能遗漏的一些方面进行更深入的调查。

However, there are also non-probability based methods of sampling such as quota sampling, which first breaks down the population into various groups based on a certain attribute and then samples are taken. Convenience sampling is useful as it considers only those people who have answered the questionnaire. Case control sampling is another such method wherein we select the sample based on opposite sides of an attribute for a set of people.
Post deciding on the sampling methodology, the most important thing is the questionnaire, there are some basic hand rules which are helpful when creating a questionnaire. We should be unambiguous, ask simple and straight forward questions using simple language. There should be a clear purpose to the questions and should be framed to suit the knowledge level of the person answering the question. We should be doing several dry runs of the questionnaire, to get n overall feel and response to the same. Additionally, it’s important to follow up and make the questionnaire as readable and enjoyable to answer as possible. The outcome can also be in different ways, which need to be assimilated before the final analysis. However, the analysis can be of three types (L7: S8):
Univariate: This type of analysis measures variables accurately and in detail
Bivariate: This looks at pairs of dependent or independent variables to reach an outcome
Multivariate: This helps in analyzing the effect of more than one independent variable on a dependent variable
There are additional methods like the factor and cluster analysis, which helps you in either clubbing the variables which are related or in analyzing specific clusters of the samples in inferring on certain attributes.
Qualitative Research
Also, case narratives are of prime importance as there needs to be multiple perspectives of analyzing the case studies. Interviews are another way of analyzing more deeply towards the general attitude of the sample population. However, even if these methods can provide useful insights towards culture and some attributes which can be missed by just looking at numbers, we need to be careful in summarizing and collating all the feedback, as these tend to be qualitative responses and it is more difficult to compile such responses. One way to better organize data is to have codes demarcating specific chunks of information, so that it can be extracted easily. We also need to be cognizant of the fact if events are recurring and if there is some correlation or similarity between the events. This will help us in draw conclusions and inferences moving forward. The findings should also be in sync with the background research done on the topic. Also, we should be able to distinguish between repeated practices and rituals, meaning that something might have been followed as a rule or something might have just been repeated in the past few days or weeks due to special circumstances. There are different ways also to show the narrative, i.e., the story can be told in multiple ways. It could be either in the form of a drama showing day-to-day activities or it could be in form of a narration by a third person on the account. It could also be as highlighting only the major turning points in the researcher’s mind that has to be displayed in front of the individual. Lastly, the need to summarize the data, collate the findings from the interviews, narratives is crucial. This can be done by a simple quote or using a metaphor to impress upon the audience, the outcome of the research. This representation can be done in various ways 。

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