essay修改：印度的内部发展

essay修改：印度的内部发展

上世纪90年代以前，印度面临的主要障碍是其奉行的自给自足政策。与中国类似，印度的大部分发展都是对内进行的，而且只对发展中国家做出贸易承诺。然而，这种自给自足的政策非但没有促进增长，反而被认为造成了增长停滞，最终这些国家也向其他发达国家开放了贸易。在更现代的时代，开发计划署提出的印度排在第130位。虽然这一排名比2014年的135分有所提高，但增幅仍然很小。例如，从2014年到2013年，中国的预期寿命从68岁增长到了67.6岁。国民总收入增长了约338%。增长放缓的原因可能源于印度经济增长依赖石油进口和农业。由于中国依赖能源进口，而且在很大程度上依赖农业部门，因此消费者的变化无常。
随着不可预测的季风，通货膨胀率发生了变化。高企的财政债务也是一个因素。2009-2011年的重大经济问题也对其发展产生了影响。然而，在国内，由于社会结构的不平等问题，该国被认为面临着各种问题。该国的人类发展率也是根据性别发展指数计算的。在GDI方面，女性的人类发展指数HDI值为0.525，男性的HDI值为0.660。因此，2014年的GDI值为0.795。基于此，该国的性别不平等指数为0.563 (UNDP, 2016)。不仅在印度，女性的劳动参与率也在下降，这是一种趋势。这似乎正在推动印度一些行业的下滑。

essay修改：印度的内部发展

The major obstacles to India before the 1990s was the policy of autarky that it followed. Similar to China, India directed most of its development inward and also made trade commitments only with developing nations. However, instead of increasing its growth this policy of autarky was seen to create stagnant growth and ultimately the countries opened up to trading with other developed nations also. In more current times, India as presented by the UNDP is at position 130. While this is an improvement with the 135 score it had in 2014, the increase in ranking is still only meagre. For instance, the life expectancy of the country was seen to increase from 68 years to 67.6 years between 2014 and 2013. Gross National Income increased by around 338 per cent. The reasons for the slow growth could be rooted in that India relies on oil imports and agriculture for its growth. Volatile consumer changes exist because the country is dependent on energy imports and also the country is largely dependent on the agro sector.
With unpredictable monsoons the inflation rates change. The high fiscal debt is also a contributor. The major economic issues around 2009-2011 also had an impact on its development. However, internally the country is seen to face issues because of inequality issues in its social structure. The Human Development rates for the country is also based on the Gender development index. In terms of the GDI, the female Human Development Index HDI values was 0.525 and for males, the HDI was 0.660. A GDI value of 0.795 is hence resulted in for the year 2014. Based on this the gender inequality index for the country is 0.563 (UNDP, 2016). It is a trend noted not only in India, that workforce participation rates of women have gone down. This is seen to be driving decline in some sectors in India.