essay修改：供应管理

essay修改：供应管理

这通常与新产品的开发和关键因素有关，包括启动持续改进的需要、快速开发新流程、服务和产品的需要，以及通过第一次就设计正确来节省成本。因此，当将概念应用于客户时，这有助于缩短周期时间。供应链管理是指通过提取原材料，将分销、生产、设计和供应商的各个环节整合起来，从而结束客户的交付。与供应商的关系管理对于供应商的战略管理是非常重要的，因为整个市场的趋势和变化最终使得外部供应商成为组织价值链的一个关键要素(Oliver, 2004)。通过一种有效的关系，通过与供应商以几种伙伴关系形式合作的来源开展的供应商发展活动有助于提高整个供应链的整体效率和效力。
日产使用Kraljic组合购买模型作为业绩指标。这个模型是由Peter Kraljic提出的，最早出现在1983年的《哈佛商业评论》上。无论其年龄大小，它都被认为是全球组织中使用的一种有用且流行的模型(Oliver, 2004)。日产使用这一性能矩阵的主要目的是通过在采购中启动最大功率来最大限度地提高供应的安全性和降低买方的成本。为了做到这一点，采购从交易活动变成了战略活动。关键的概念是采购必须成为供应的管理。在使用这个模型时，涉及到以下四个不同的步骤(Cooper, 2002)。采购分类，市场分析，战略定位，行动计划。

essay修改：供应管理

This often has an association with development of new products and key factors including the need for initiating continuous improvement, the need for development of new processes, services and products quickly, and also saving costs by designing right in the first go. Thus, this helps in the achievement of reduced time of cycle when applying concept to the customer.Management of supply chain is referred to as integrating each element of distribution, production, design and supplier by extracting raw material for ending the delivery of customer. Management of relationships with the suppliers is important for strategic management of supplier, as trends and changes across the market end up making external suppliers a crucial element for value chain of an organization (Oliver, 2004). By an effective relationship, activities of supplier development by the sources of collaboration with the suppliers in several forms of partnerships assist in improving the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the supply chain on the whole.
As a metrics of performance, Nissan used the Kraljic Model of Portfolio Purchasing. This model had been presented by Peter Kraljic, which first appeared in the year 1983 in the Harvard Business Review. Irrespective of its age, it has been identified as a useful and popular model used in organizations all across the globe (Oliver, 2004). The key purpose behind the utilization of this performance matrix at Nissan is for maximizing the security of supply and reducing the costs for the purchaser by the initiation of maximum power in purchases. In order to do so, procurement moves to be an activity of transaction to a strategic activity. The key notion is that purchasing must become the management of supply. In using this model, there is an involvement of four different steps that are as follows (Cooper, 2002).Classification of purchases、Analysis of market、Strategic positioning、Planning of action.