多伦多大学代写:现代贸易政策的建议

多伦多大学代写:现代贸易政策的建议

现代贸易政策建议,限制进口,设置配额,避免国内市场崩溃,同时鼓励向低收入和发展中国家出口,增加外汇收入(Fao.org 2016)。这种现代思想认为,国家可能会从发达国家和更强大的国家进口产品,然后将自己的产品出口到缺乏特定产品的低收入国家。当对进口产品征收关税时,国内市场与国际产品竞争是很自然的,他们可能会提高产品的价格与国际价格接轨。当对鞋类等特定产品征收关税时,国内的鞋业势必会提高进口商品的价格,因为关税将与产品的实际价格相加。这基本上是通过人为提高进口商品的国内销售价格来增加政府的收入。这将有利于产品进口商和政府的形式,更多的收入来自于提高价格。关税是用来提高国际商品的进口价格以增加政府收入的,一些国家也用关税来保护本国的工业。

多伦多大学代写:现代贸易政策的建议
例如,当对进口奶酪产品征收关税时,国内奶酪的成本就会降低,从而保护国内奶酪产业。这使得进口奶酪更加昂贵,因此国内奶酪行业通过更低的价格和更多的销售得以稳定。在征收关税的同时,增加了政府的收入,政府的收入是一种福利收入,可以用于政府在全国城乡的多个项目。这是一种从进口商品和广告中创收,以外币汇入的方式,尽可能将同一资金用于同一行业的福利,提高收入确认。关税的征收增加了卖方和政府的收入,而买方由于关税的征收而付出了更高的价格,从而在游戏中处于劣势(Ferrini 2012)。政府又从卖方的税收和关税中获得额外收入,从而从这些进口产品中获得合理的收入。这个给政府的广告和资金是根据国家的优先级分配的,比如教育,医疗,农村发展和减少贫困。

多伦多大学代写:现代贸易政策的建议

Modern trade policy suggests that imports are to be restricted and put a quota to avoid letting the domestic market collapse, and at the same time encouraging export to low income and developing countries and increase the foreign currency income (Fao.org 2016). This modern thought suggests that countries will probably import from developed and more powerful countries and then export their own products to low income countries where there is scarcity of specific products. When tariffs are levied on imported products, it is natural that the domestic market competing with international products will have competition and they will probably raise the price of their products in line with international pricing. When tariffs are levied on specific products such as footwear, the domestic foot wear industry will certainly enhance the price of the imported good as tariff will add up to the actual price of the product. This is basically done to escalate the revenue of the government by artificially increasing the domestic selling price of imported goods. This will benefit the product importer and the government in the form of more revenues coming in from increased prices. Tariffs are used to increase the price of the international good imported to enhance government revenue, and some countries also use tariff to safeguard their own domestic industry.

多伦多大学代写:现代贸易政策的建议
For example, when the tariff on imported cheese products is imposed it makes the domestic cheese less costly to safeguard the domestic cheese industry. This makes the imported cheese more costly and hence the domestic industry is stabilised through lesser pricing and more sales. When tariffs are levied, it adds to the government revenue which in turn is a welfare income and can be used for several programs of the government in urban and rural regions of the country. This is a way of generating income from the imported goods and ads to foreign income currency coming in and the same funds to be used for the welfare of the same industry if possible and enhancements of revenue recognition. Tariff levy increase the income of the sellers and government, and the buyers lose in the game as they pay a higher price due to tariffs imposition (Ferrini 2012). The government in turn receives additional income from the sellers’ taxes and tariff payments, and thus makes reasonable revenue from such imported products. This ads to government kitty and this funds are allocated according to the level of priority in the country such as education, healthcare, rural developments, and reducing poverty.

加拿大大学论文:ZARA公司成功的关键

加拿大大学论文:ZARA公司成功的关键

Zara是一个著名的品牌,因为它可以快速小批量的交付新衣服。在Zara,速度和反应能力比成本更重要。相对于其他零售商,Zara的生产和供应链被公司很好的控制。Zara认为供应链是其相对于竞争对手的竞争优势。保持低库存,因为Zara遵循的策略是每一款新产品必须在10天内销售。如果产品10天内未售出,则两周后更换。这就是公司库存成本较低的原因。服装的设计一定要有吸引力,色彩搭配要有吸引力,这样才容易吸引顾客。该公司的低成本生产效率将有助于提供具有吸引力的零售定价和良好的利润率。Zara KSFs是公司直接管理所有零售店,垂直整合是公司所遵循的。

加拿大大学论文:ZARA公司成功的关键
该公司拥有23个内部生产中心,并与小型制造商合作。生产周期完全自动化,并与其他生产要素相结合。ZARA的低库存竞争优势=产品在15天内被替换+低库存成本+短短两周的产品销售(人为稀缺性)=服装行业的“大销售”。这使公司能够在顾客心目中创造一个独特的形象。Zara通过限制或减少每一款产品的制造数量的策略,创造了一种产品稀缺性的条件,虽然这只是人为的稀缺性。这种策略甚至有助于降低更高的库存,从而造成产品在公司网点销售的情况。较低的库存数量也有助于节省库存在季末的处置成本。在销售中,该公司约18%的股票以折扣价出售,占行业平均销售额的一半左右。

加拿大大学论文:ZARA公司成功的关键

Zara is a renowned brand because of its quick and small batches delivery of new clothes. In Zara more than cost speed and responsiveness are valued. The manufacturing and supply chain of Zara are well controlled by the company in comparison to other retailers. Zara considers the supply chain as its competitive advantage against competitors. To keep low stock of inventory because Zara follows a strategy according to which every new product must be sold within a period of 10 days. In case if the product is not sold during 10 days then the products will be replaced after two weeks. This is the reason due to which the cost of inventory is low in the company. The designs of apparel must be appealing with attractive colour combination so that customers can be easily attracted. Low-cost manufacturing efficiency of the company will help in offering attractive retail pricing with good profit margins. Zara KSFs are the company directly manages all the retail stores, vertical integration is followed in the company.

加拿大大学论文:ZARA公司成功的关键
The company is having its own 23 in-house production centers and works with small manufacturers. The production cycle is fully automated and integrated with other factors of production. ZARA low inventory competitive advantage = products are replaced within 15 days + low inventory cost + sale its product for just two weeks (artificial scarcity) = “huge sales” in apparel industry. This enables the company in creating a distinctive image in minds of its customers. With the strategy of limited or reduced manufacturing quantity of each product style a condition of product scarcity is created by Zara though it is just artificial scarcity. This strategy even helps in lowering higher inventory which will create a situation of products being sold at company outlets. The low quantity of stock will also help in saving the disposition cost of inventory at the end of season. In sales about 18% of the company stock is offered in discounts by the company and that constitutes about half of the average sale of the industry.

加拿essay代写:媒体的介绍

加拿essay代写:媒体的介绍

在当今数字化时代,这是世界上最大的争论之一。在同样的问题上,人与人之间存在着差异。数字媒体在新时代的媒体中越来越重要,印刷媒体也成功地利用了自己的优势。有一些观察发现,数字媒体有outlook打印媒体,而在很多情况下,打印媒体被认为是更重要的(Adoni, 1985)。此外,人们还会讨论,印刷媒体的消亡并不是什么新鲜事,而且已经存在了很长一段时间。过去曾发生过一些事件,据观察,印刷媒体用处不大或毫无用处。这不是什么新鲜事。每次都有类似的情况发生。对印刷媒体来说,环境总是更具挑战性。在当今时代,随着网络的成长,当前的全球和金融危机正在冲击新闻行业和商业环境(汉密尔顿,2001)。

加拿essay代写:媒体的介绍
在数字化的推动下,2016年的广告支出增长了15.5%。”“记者是在争夺读者,而不是新闻。这是新的。“研究表明,到2020年,移动广告将占媒体支出的15-20%。”《费城每日新闻》、《洛杉矶时报》和《芝加哥论坛报》——在过去几年里,纸媒巨头很少破产。这一趋势最近也得到了观察。据观察,目前有许多出版商由于缺乏资金而不得不停止出版进程。这是因为直接影响公司业务的人的利益较少。从过去可以观察到,每年有数百万份杂志和报纸因为没有人阅读而被烧毁(Edgerly, 2015)。很多时候,人们观察到这些杂志必须以最低的价格或没有价格出售,因为他们没有得到买家(Dupagne, 1994)。这不是最近的趋势,但从过去就可以观察到。

加拿essay代写:媒体的介绍

In the present era of digitization this is one of the largest debates in the world. There is a discrepancy on the same among the people. While, digital media has been gaining important in the new age media, print media has also been successful in capitalizing on its feathers. There has been a number of observations where it has been found that digital media has outlook print media while in many cases print media is considered to be of higher importance (Adoni, 1985). Also, there will be the discussion that the death of the print media is something which is not new at all and is being practised from a long time. There have been a number of incidents in the past where the print media has observed to be of less or no use. It is something which is nothing new. There has been a similar case every time. The environment has always been much more challenging for the print media. In the present times, with the upbringing of the web, the present global and financial crises are hitting the news industry and the business environment (Hamilton, 2001).

加拿essay代写:媒体的介绍
“Ad spending seen growing at 15.5% in 2016, driven by digital.” “Journalists are competing for readership, instead of news. This is new.” “Mobile ads to account for 15-20% of media spending by 2020: Study.”Philadelphia Daily News, the Los Angeles Times and Chicago Tribune – few of the popular print media print media giants have gone bankrupt in past years. This trend has also been observed in the recent times. It has been observed in the present that there have been many publishers who have to stop their publication process because of the lack of funds. This is because of the less interest of the people which direct have an impact on the businesses of the firms. From the past it has been observed that every year millions of magazines and newspapers are burned because they aren’t read by anyone(Edgerly, 2015). Many a times it is observed that these magazines have to be sold at minimal or no price as they do not get the buyer (Dupagne, 1994). This is not a recent trend but it has been observed from the past.