论文代写:犯罪率与收入不平等之间的关联

论文代写:犯罪率与收入不平等之间的关联

本研究对两个主要研究问题进行了评估。首先,研究问题是:1)检验犯罪率与收入不平等之间是否存在关联。这是因为现有的关于关联的争论,一些研究指出了一个积极的关联,而另一些则没有。犯罪难题从《经济学人》的结尾和《犯罪学家》的结尾都进行了调查(Jones et al., 1986)。例如,正如媒体和研究报告所评估的那样,当金融危机袭来、金融体系爆发时,许多犯罪活动都是预料之中的。在美国发生了一系列银行抢劫案。在一个半小时内,许多禁令被实施。这一犯罪浪潮是由于该国正在进入的经济衰退。然而,与犯罪和经济有关的统计数据显示,2009年犯罪率下降。

论文代写:犯罪率与收入不平等之间的关联

谋杀、强奸、抢劫甚至汽车盗窃的数量都在下降。2010年美国刑事司法部门和联邦调查局发布的初步数据再次显示,犯罪问题有所减少。这一趋势在暴力犯罪和财产犯罪案件中得到了注意。在这样的背景下,缺乏互连的论点找到了力量(Green, 2013)。试图研究这种联系的理论指出,犯罪与经济一点关系也没有。至少在美国,人们注意到在20世纪60年代末,80年代和90年代,犯罪活动非常频繁。在20世纪60年代犯罪率高的时候,经济增长也很好。20世纪90年代后期,甚至在经济问题出现之前,犯罪率就上升了。

论文代写:犯罪率与收入不平等之间的关联

Two main research questions are assessed for in this research. Primarily, the Research question: 1) tests if there is an association between crime rate and income inequality. This is because of the existing controversy when it comes to association, some studies note a positive association, some none. The crime conundrum has been investigated both from the economist’s end and the criminologists end (Jones et al., 1986). For instance, as media and research reports assessed, when the financial crises hit and the financial system exploded, many crime sprees were expected. A flurry of bank robberies was observed in the case of the United States. In an hour and a half, many bans were hit. The crime wave was attributed to the recession that the country was entering. However, statistics which relates crime and economy showed that the crime rates went down in 2009.

论文代写:犯罪率与收入不平等之间的关联
The number of murders, rapes, robbery or even auto theft went down. Preliminary data which was released by the Criminal Justices Department and the FBI in 2010 for the United States once again shows that criminal issues go down. The trend was noticed in the case of violent crimes and property crimes alike. In such a context, the arguments for the lack of an interconnection hence find strength (Green, 2013). Theories that attempt to study this connection, state that crime isn’t closely related to economy at all. At least in the United States, it was noted that in the case of the late 1960s and then in the 80’s and 90’s criminal activities were very high. During the 1960’s when the crime rate was high, the economic growth was also good. And later in the 1990s even before the problems of economy started, there was an increased crime rate.

代写:天然气贸易市场

代写:天然气贸易市场

在历史意义上,以国内低成本为导向的整体市场相对稳定。工业市场目前的潜在预期是,其规模将增加两倍,因为昆士兰开发了新气田,格拉德斯通(Gladstone)市场向全球市场出口天然气作为液化天然气。这使得天然气市场的动态发生了显著的变化,影响了天然气的流动模式,进一步增加了价格的波动性,影响了现有用户的每一个操作,同时也在整个市场中带来了许多效率(Leather et al., 2013)。所有这些因素都使人们重新重视在天然气贸易基本安排内改进和发展销售。重点是制定一个透明和有效的天然气参考价格。以任何形式的政府干预为主要成本,只有当成本因利益而被抵消时,才能被认为是有利的。这意味着,如果经济福利得到改善,这种情况将会发生。考虑到整个东海岸市场的整体情况,随着市场最终与液化天然气国际市场接轨,天然气价格开始上涨(Leather et al., 2013)。

代写:天然气贸易市场

此外,天然气供应似乎紧张,而国内承包工程面临重大挑战。首先,由于煤层气开发能力方面的不确定性,填补了液化天然气专家承诺所遗漏的空白。此外,在西方市场,人们预计天然气价格将强劲上涨。在供应紧张的情况下,天然气用户开始面临获得新的供应合同的困难。考虑到未来,人们一直预测,未来几年天然气价格将大幅上涨,分析师的平均预测显示,从今年到2020年,天然气价格将上涨约80% (Hepworth, 2016)。尽管澳大利亚的液化天然气出口行业的扩张为预期的价格上涨做出了重要贡献,但也有许多其他因素发挥了重要作用。最重要的是,生产成本开始上升。随着低成本的储蓄最终被极度耗尽,生产水平已开始转向高成本的储备。

代写:天然气贸易市场

In the historical sense, there has been a relative stability of the overall market with a domestic low cost orientation. The industrial market is now the underlying expectation for tripling in terms of size, as there has been development of new fields of gas in Queensland and there is export of gas to the global marketing as LNG from the market of Gladstone. This has resulted in significantly changing the dynamics of gas market by affecting the flow of pattern in gas that further increase volatility of price and affects each and every operation of the incumbent users, while enlightening a number of efficiencies across the market (Leather et al., 2013). All of the factors have resulted in providing a renewed focus about the improvements and development of marketing within the fundamental arrangements of gas trade. The key focus is on the development of a transparent and efficient price of reference for gas. Significant cost is borne by any form of government based intervention and can only be identified as favourable if the costs end up outweighed due to the benefits. This means that this will be taking place if there is an enhancement in economic welfare. Considering the overall scenario across the east coast market, prices of gas have started to rise as the market ends up linking with the international markets of LNG (Leather et al., 2013).

代写:天然气贸易市场
In addition, the supply of gas appears to be tight while there is significant challenge of domestic contracting. Primarily, due to the uncertainty with respect to the ability of developments in coal seam gas filling up the gaps that had been left out by the expert commitments of LNG. Also, in the west market, there is an expectation that the prices of gas will be rising strongly. And with tight level of supply, users of gas have started to face the difficulty of securing new contracts of supply. Considering the future, it has been forecasted that the prices of gas will be rising sharply in the years to come with average forecasts of analyst to suggest a rise of approximately 80 per cent between the current year and the year 2020 (Hepworth, 2016). While expansion across the export industry of LNG in Australia make significant contribution for the expectedly increasing prices, there are a number of other factors as well that play a significant role. Most significant of all, the costs of production have started to rise. As deposits of low costs turn out to be extremely depleted, the level of production has started to shift to reserves of higher costs.